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cyanosis
Cyanosis is the appearance of a blue or purple coloration of the skin or mucous membranes due to the tissues near the skin surface having low oxygen saturation. Based on Lundsgaard and Van Slyke's work,〔Lundsgaard C, Van Slyke DD. Cyanosis. Medicine. 2(1):〕 it is classically described as occurring if 5.0 g/dL of deoxyhemoglobin or greater is present. This was based on an "estimate" of capillary saturation based on a mean of arterial versus peripheral venous blood gas measurements.〔Cyanosis. Lundsgaard C, Van SD, Abbott ME. Cyanosis. Can Med Assoc J 1923 Aug;13(8):601-4.〕 Since estimation of hypoxia is usually now based either on arterial blood gas measurement or pulse oximetry, this is probably an overestimate, with evidence that levels of 2.0 g/dL of deoxyhemoglobin may reliably produce cyanosis.〔Goss GA, Hayes JA, Burdon JG. Deoxyhaemoglobin concentrations in the detection of central cyanosis. Thorax 1988 Mar;43(3):212–13.〕 Since, however, the presence of cyanosis is dependent upon there being an absolute quantity of deoxyhemoglobin, the bluish color is more readily apparent in those with high hemoglobin counts than it is with those with anemia. Also the bluer color is more difficult to detect on deeply pigmented skin. When signs of cyanosis first appear, such as on the lips or fingers, intervention should be made within 3–5 minutes because a severe hypoxia or severe circulatory failure may have induced the cyanosis.
The name ''cyanosis'' literally means "the blue disease" or "the blue condition". It is derived from the color cyan, which comes from ''kyanós'', the Greek word for "blue".
==Definition==
Cyanosis is defined as a bluish discoloration, especially of the skin and mucous membranes, due to excessive concentration of deoxyhemoglobin in the blood caused by deoxygenation.
Cyanosis is divided into two main types: Central (around the core, lips, and tongue) and Peripheral (only the extremities or fingers).
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