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In ancient Sparta, Krypteia or Crypteia (Greek: κρυπτεία ''krupteía'' from κρυπτός ''kruptós'', "hidden, secret things") was a state institution involving young Spartan men. Its goal and nature are still a matter of discussion and debate among historians, but some scholars (Wallon) consider the krypteia to be a kind of secret police and state security force organized by the ruling classes of Sparta whose purpose was to terrorize the servile helot population. Others (Köchly, Wachsmuth) believe it to be a form of military training, similar to the Athenian ''ephebia''. ==History and function== Certain young Spartan men who had completed their training at the agoge with such success that they were marked out as potential future leaders would be given the opportunity to test their skills and prove themselves worthy of the Spartan polity through participation in the ''Krypteia''. Every autumn, according to Plutarch (''Life of Lycurgus'', 28, 3–7), the Spartan ephors would ''pro forma'' declare war on the helot population so that any Spartan citizen could kill a helot without fear of punishment. At night, the chosen ''kryptes'' (members of the Krypteia) were sent out into the Laconian countryside armed with knives with the instructions to kill any helot they encountered and to take any food they needed. They were specifically told to kill the strongest and best of the helots. This practice was instigated to prevent the threat of a rebellion by the helots and to keep their population in check. According to Cartledge, Krypteia members stalked the helot villages and surrounding countryside, spying on the servile population. Their mission was to prevent and suppress unrest and rebellion. Troublesome helots could be summarily executed. Such brutal repression of the helots permitted the Spartan élite to successfully control the servile agrarian population and devote themselves to military practice. It may also have contributed to the Spartans' reputation for stealth since a ''kryptes'' who got caught was punished by whipping. Only Spartans who had served in the Krypteia as young men could expect to achieve the highest ranks in Spartan society and army. It was felt that only those Spartans who showed the willingness and ability to kill for the state at a young age were worthy to join the leadership in later years. Plato (''Laws'', I, 633), a scholiast to Plato, and Heraclides Lembos (''Fr. Hist. Gr.'', II, 210) also describe the krypteia. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「crypteia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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