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''Consularis'' is a Latin adjective indicating something pertaining to the consular office. In Ancient Rome it was a title given to those senators who held consular rank, i.e. who had served as consuls or who had received the rank as a special honour. In Late Antiquity, the title became also a gubernatorial rank for provincial governors. ==History== In the Roman Republic, the term ''() consularis'' (rendered in Greek ὑπατικός, ''hypatikos'') as originally designated any senator who had served as consul. The distinction was accompanied by specific privileges and honours, and was a necessary qualification for a number of magistracies: the posts of ''dictator'' and his deputy, the ''magister equitum'' (although some cases seem to refute that), the post of ''censor'' as well as the governance of certain provinces as proconsuls. The distinction was attached to their wives as well (''consularis femina'', in Greek ὑπατική or ὑπάτισσα). The status of a ''consularis'' could be gained without holding the consulship, either through the ''adlectio inter consulares'' or through the award of the consular insignia (''ornamenta/insignia consularia''), but this was done only twice under the late Republic, and only became common practice in the Empire.〔 Under the Empire, a number of senior magistracies were created for ''consulares'':〔 * The position of ''praefectus urbi'', governor of Rome and its environs. * Under Hadrian (r. 117–138), Italy was divided into four judicial jurisdictions, each with a ''consularis'' at its head. This institution was abolished soon after Hadrian's death, however. * Under Alexander Severus (r. 222–235), a council of fourteen ''consulares'', the ''consulares sacrae urbis'', was created to assist the ''praefectus urbi'', with each one representing one of the fourteen regions of Rome. * The ''consulares operum publicorum, alvei Tiberis et cloacarum'', public officials (''curatores'') responsible for public works, the regulation of the Tiber and the maintenance of Rome's sanitation system. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「consularis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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