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Conscience is an aptitude, faculty, intuition or judgment that assists in distinguishing right from wrong. Moral judgment may derive from values or norms (principles and rules). In psychological terms conscience is often described as leading to feelings of remorse when a human commits actions that go against his/her moral values and to feelings of rectitude or integrity when actions conform to such norms. The extent to which conscience informs moral judgment before an action and whether such moral judgments are or should be based in reason has occasioned debate through much of the history of Western philosophy.〔Langston, Douglas C. ''Conscience and Other Virtues. From Bonaventure to MacIntyre''. The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, Pennsylvania, 2001. ISBN 0-271-02070-9 p. 176〕 Religious views of conscience usually see it as linked to a morality inherent in all humans, to a beneficent universe and/or to divinity. The diverse ritualistic, mythical, doctrinal, legal, institutional and material features of religion may not necessarily cohere with experiential, emotive, spiritual or contemplative considerations about the origin and operation of conscience.〔Ninian Smart. ''The World's Religions: Old Traditions and Modern Transformations''. Cambridge University Press. 1989. pp. 10–21.〕 Common secular or scientific views regard the capacity for conscience as probably genetically determined, with its subject probably learned or imprinted (like language) as part of a culture.〔Peter Winch. ''Moral Integrity''. Basil Blackwell. Oxford. 1968〕 Commonly used metaphors for conscience include the "voice within" and the "inner light".〔Rosemary Moore. ''The Light in Their Consciences: The Early Quakers in Britain 1646–1666''. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, PA. 2000. ISBN 978-0-271-01988-8.〕 Conscience, as is detailed in sections below, is a concept in national and international law,〔United Nations. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, G.A. res. 217A (III), U.N. Doc A/810 at 71 (1948). http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/ accessed 22 October 2009.〕 is increasingly conceived of as applying to the world as a whole,〔Booth K, Dunne T and Cox M (eds). ''How Might We Live? Global Ethics in the New Century''. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge 2001 p. 1.〕 has motivated numerous notable acts for the public good〔(Amnesty International. Ambassador of Conscience Award ). Retrieved 31 December 2013.〕 and been the subject of many prominent examples of literature, music and film.〔Wayne C Booth. ''The Company We Keep: An Ethics of Fiction''. University of California Press. Berkeley. 1988. p.11 and Ch2.〕 ==Religious, secular and philosophical views about conscience== Although humanity has no generally accepted definition of conscience or universal agreement about its role in ethical decision-making, three approaches have addressed it:〔 #Religious views #Secular views #Philosophical views 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「conscience」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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