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coagulase
Coagulase is a protein enzyme produced by several ''microorganisms'' that enables the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. In the laboratory, it is used to distinguish between different types of ''Staphylococcus'' isolates. Importantly, ''S. aureus'' is generally coagulase-positive, meaning that coagulase negativity usually excludes ''S. aureus''. However it is now known that not all S. aureus are coagulase-positive.〔Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.〕〔PreTest, Surgery, 12th ed., p.88〕
It is also produced by ''Yersinia pestis''.
Coagulase reacts with prothrombin in the blood. The resulting complex is called ''staphylothrombin'', which enables the enzyme protease to convert fibrinogen, a plasma protein produced by the liver, to fibrin. This results in clotting of the blood. Coagulase is tightly bound to the surface of the bacterium ''S. aureus'' and can coat its surface with fibrin upon contact with blood. The fibrin clot may protect the bacterium from phagocytosis and isolate it from other defenses of the host. It has been proposed that fibrin-coated staphylococci resist phagocytosis, making the bacteria more virulent. Bound coagulase is part of the larger family of MSCRAMM.
== Coagulase test ==
The coagulase test has traditionally been used to differentiate ''Staphylococcus aureus'' from coagulase-negative staphylococci. ''S.aureus'' produces two forms of coagulase (i.e., bound coagulase and free coagulase). Bound coagulase, otherwise known as "clumping factor", can be detected by carrying out a slide coagulase test, and free coagulase can be detected using a tube coagulase test.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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