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chuppah
A ''chuppah'' ((ヘブライ語:חוּפָּה), pl. חוּפּוֹת, ''chuppot'', literally, "canopy" or "covering"), also huppah, chipe, chupah, or chuppa, is a canopy under which a Jewish couple stand during their Jewish wedding ceremony. It consists of a cloth or sheet, sometimes a tallit, stretched or supported over four poles, or sometimes manually held up by attendants to the ceremony. A ''chuppah'' symbolizes the home that the couple will build together. While a Jewish marriage is still considered valid in the absence of a ''chuppah'', a ''chuppah'' is still considered a basic requirement for a Jewish wedding.
In a more general sense, ''chupah'' refers to the method by which ''nesuin'', the second stage of a Jewish marriage, is accomplished. According to some opinions, it is accomplished by the couple standing under the canopy; however, there are other views.〔, Chapter 18〕〔Aside from Chuppah, it can also be accomplished by consummation; however, this is discouraged (Kaplan, Ibid.).〕
==Customs==
A traditional ''chuppah'', especially within Orthodox Judaism, recommends that there be open sky exactly above the ''chuppah'',〔( The Chupah -- Marriage Canopy ) on Chabad.org〕 although this is not mandatory among Sephardic communities. If the wedding ceremony is held indoors in a hall, sometimes a special opening is built to be opened during the ceremony. Many Hasidim prefer to conduct the entire ceremony outdoors. It is said that the couple's ancestors are present at the chuppah ceremony.
In Yemen, the Jewish practice was not for the groom and his bride to be secluded in a canopy (''chuppah'') hung on four poles, as is widely practised today in Jewish weddings, but rather in a bridal chamber that was, in effect, a highly decorated room in the house of the groom. This room was traditionally decorated with large hanging sheets of colored, patterned cloth, replete with wall cushions and short-length mattresses for reclining.〔Yosef Qafih, ''Halikhot Teiman'' (Jewish Life in Sana) , Ben-Zvi Institute – Jerusalem 1982, pp. 143 and 148 (Hebrew); Yehuda Levi Nahum, ''Miṣefunot Yehudei Teman', Tel-Aviv 1962, p. 149 (Hebrew)〕 Their marriage is consummated when they have been left together alone in this room. This ancient practice finds expression in the writings of Isaac ben Abba Mari (c. 1122 – c. 1193), author of ''Sefer ha-'Ittur'',〔Isaac ben Abba Mari, ''Sefer ha'Ittur'', Lwów, Ukraine 1860〕 concerning the Benediction of the Bridegroom: "Now the ''chuppah'' is when her father delivers her unto her husband, bringing her into that house wherein is some new innovation, such as the sheets… surrounding the walls, etc. For we recite in the Jerusalem Talmud, ''Sotah'' 46a (''Sotah'' 9:15), 'Those bridal chambers, (''chuppoth hathanim''), they hang within them patterned sheets and gold-embroidered ribbons,' etc."
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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