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butsudan
A ''butsudan'' (佛壇 or 仏壇, literally "Buddhist altar") is a shrine commonly found in temples and homes in Japanese Buddhist cultures.〔Reader (1995:55) notes: "Over 60% of Japanese households have a ''butsudan'': many of the rest do not simply because no-one in the family has yet died and become an ancestor".〕 A ''butsudan'' is a wooden cabinet with doors that enclose and protect a ''gohonzon'' or religious icon, typically a statue or painting of a Buddha or Bodhisattva, or a "script" mandala scroll. The doors are opened to display the icon during religious observances, and closed before sunset. A ''butsudan'' usually contains an array of subsidiary religious items, called ''butsugu'', such as candlesticks, incense burners, bells, and platforms for placing offerings such as fruit, tea or rice. Some Buddhist sects place ''ihai'', memorial tablets for deceased relatives, within or near the ''butsudan''.〔Cf. Reader (1995:55-56); Lewis (2007:178).〕
==Arrangement==
The arrangement and types of items in and around the ''butsudan'' can vary depending on the sect. A ''butsudan'' usually houses a ''honzon'', a statue or painting of the Buddha or a Buddhist deity that reflects the sect which the family follows, though embroidered scrolls containing a mantric or sutric text are also common. Other auxiliary items often found near the ''butsudan'' include tea, water and food (usually fruits or rice), an incense burner, candles, flowers, hanging lamps and evergreens.〔Cf. Buckley (2002:56-57).〕 A ''rin gong'' or "singing bowl" often accompanies the ''butsudan'', which can be rung during liturgy or recitation of prayers. Members of some Buddhist sects place ''ihai'' or tablets engraved with the names of deceased family members within or next to the ''butsudan''. Other Buddhist sects, such as Jōdo Shinshū, usually do not have these, but may instead have pictures of the deceased placed near the ''butsudan''. The ''butsudan'' is typically placed upon a larger cabinet in which are kept important family documents and certificates.〔Cf. Hamabata (1990:61).〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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