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bremsstrahlung
Bremsstrahlung (, from ドイツ語:''bremsen'' "to brake" and ドイツ語:''Strahlung'' "radiation", i.e. "braking radiation" or "deceleration radiation") is electromagnetic radiation produced by the deceleration of a charged particle when deflected by another charged particle, typically an electron by an atomic nucleus. The moving particle loses kinetic energy, which is converted into a photon, thus satisfying the law of conservation of energy. The term is also used to refer to the process of producing the radiation. Bremsstrahlung has a continuous spectrum, which becomes more intense and whose peak intensity shifts toward higher frequencies as the change of the energy of the accelerated particles increases.
Strictly speaking, braking radiation is any radiation due to the acceleration of a charged particle, which includes synchrotron radiation, cyclotron radiation, and the emission of electrons and positrons during beta decay. However, the term is frequently used in the more narrow sense of radiation from electrons (from whatever source) slowing in matter.
Bremsstrahlung emitted from plasma is sometimes referred to as ''free/free radiation''. This refers to the fact that the radiation in this case is created by charged particles that are free, i.e. not part of an ion, atom or molecule, both before and after the deflection (acceleration) that caused the emission.
==Particle in vacuum==
(詳細はLarmor formula and its relativistic generalizations. Although the term "bremsstrahlung" is ''usually'' reserved for charged particles accelerating in matter, not vacuum, the formulas are similar. (In this respect, bremsstrahlung differs from Cherenkov radiation, another kind of braking radiation which occurs ''only'' in matter, and not in a vacuum.)
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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