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bascinet
The bascinet — also bassinet, basinet, or bazineto — was a Medieval European open-faced military helmet. It evolved from a type of iron or steel skullcap, but had a more pointed apex to the skull, and it extended downwards at the rear and sides to afford protection for the neck. A mail curtain ("camail" or aventail) was usually attached to the lower edge of the helmet to protect the throat, neck and shoulders. A visor (face guard) was often employed from ca. 1330 to protect the exposed face. Early in the fifteenth century, the camail began to be replaced by a plate metal gorget, giving rise to the so-called "great bascinet".
==Development==
The first recorded reference to a bascinet, or ''bazineto'', was in the Italian city of Padua in 1281, when it is described as being worn by infantry.〔Nicolle (1999-journal), p. 583.〕
It is believed that the bascinet evolved from a simple iron skullcap,〔 (''Encyclopaedia Britannica'', "Helmet")〕 known as the cervelliere, which was worn with a mail coif, as either the sole form of head protection or beneath a great helm. The bascinet is differentiated from the cervelliere by having a higher, pointed skull.〔 By about 1330 the bascinet had been extended lower down the sides and back of the head. Within the next 20 years it had extended to the base of the neck and covered the cheeks.〔Gravett (2008), p. 115〕 The bascinet appeared quite suddenly in the later 13th century and some authorities see it as being influenced by Byzantine or Middle-Eastern Muslim helmets.〔 The bascinet, without a visor, continued to be worn underneath larger "great helms" (also termed ''heaumes'').〔Nicolle (1996), pp.50-51.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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