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barque
A barque, barc, or bark is a type of sailing vessel with three or more masts having the fore- and mainmasts rigged square and only the mizzen (the aftermost mast) rigged fore-and-aft.
== Etymology==
The word ''barque'' entered English via French, which in turn came from the Latin ''barca'' by way of Occitan, Spanish or Italian. The Latin ''barca'' may stem from Celtic "''barc''" (per Thurneysen) or Greek "''baris''" (per Diez), a term for an Egyptian boat. The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' considers the latter improbable.
The word ''barc'' appears to have come from Celtic languages. The form adopted by English, perhaps from Irish, was ''bark'', while that adopted by Latin as ''barca'' very early, which gave rise to the French ''barge'' and ''barque''. In Latin, Spanish and Italian the term ''barca'' refers to a small boat, not a full-size ship. French influence in England led to the use in English of both words, although their meanings now are not the same. Well before the 19th century a barge had become interpreted as a small vessel of coastal or inland waters. Somewhat later, a bark became a sailing vessel of a distinctive rig as detailed below. In Britain, by the mid-19th century, the spelling had taken on the French form of ''barque''. Francis Bacon used this form of the word as early as 1605. Throughout the period of sail, the word was used also as a shortening of the barca-longa of the Mediterranean Sea.
The usual convention is that spelling ''barque'' refers to a ship and ''bark'' to tree hide, to distinguish the homophones.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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