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autobahn
The Autobahn ((ドイツ語:Autobahn), plural ') is the federal controlled-access highway system in Germany. The official German term is ' (plural ', abbreviated ''BAB''), which translates as "federal motorway". The literal meaning of the word ''Bundesautobahn'' is "Federal Auto(mobile) Track".
German ''Autobahnen'' have no federally mandated speed limit for some classes of vehicles. However limits are posted (and enforced) in areas that are urbanized, substandard, accident-prone, or under construction. In case of bad weather, speed limits come into play and are frequently enforced. On speed-unrestricted stretches, an advisory speed limit (') of applies. A 2008 estimate reported that 52% of the autobahn network had only the advisory speed limit, 15% had temporary speed limits due to weather or traffic conditions and 33% had permanent speed limits.〔http://archive.etsc.eu/documents/Speed_Fact_Sheet_1.pdf〕 Measurements from the German State of Brandenburg in 2006 showed average speeds of on a 6-lane section of autobahn in free-flowing conditions.
Germany's autobahn network has a total length of about in 2014,〔http://www.statistik-portal.de/Statistik-Portal/de_jb16_jahrtab36.asp〕 which ranks it among the most dense and longest systems in the world. Longer systems can be found e. g. in China , the United States and Spain .
==Names==
Only federally built controlled-access highways with certain construction standards including at least two lanes per direction are called ''"Bundesautobahn"''. They have their own, white-on-blue signs and numbering system. In the 1930s, when construction began on the system, the official name was ''Reichsautobahn''. Various other controlled-access highways exist on the federal ''(Bundesstraße),'' state ''(Landesstraße),'' district and municipal level but are not part of the ''Autobahn'' network and are officially referred to as ''"Kraftfahrstraße"'' (with rare exceptions, like A 995 Munich-Giesing–Brunntal). These highways are considered ''"autobahnähnlich"'' (autobahn similar) and are sometimes colloquially called ''"Gelbe Autobahn"'' (yellow autobahn) because most of them are ''Bundesstraßen'' (federal highways) with yellow signs. Some controlled-access highways are classified as "Bundesautobahn" in spite of not meeting the autobahn construction standard (for example the A 62 near Pirmasens).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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