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atrophy
Atrophy is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body. Causes of atrophy include mutations (which can destroy the gene to build up the organ), poor nourishment, poor circulation, loss of hormonal support, loss of nerve supply to the target organ, excessive amount of apoptosis of cells, and disuse or lack of exercise or disease intrinsic to the tissue itself. Hormonal and nerve inputs that maintain an organ or body part are referred to as ''trophic'' () in medical practice ('trophic" is an adjective that can be paired with various nouns). ''Trophic'' describes the ''trophic condition'' of tissue. A diminished ''muscular trophic'' is designated as ''atrophy''.
Atrophy is the general physiological process of reabsorption and breakdown of tissues, involving apoptosis. When it occurs as a result of disease or loss of trophic support due to other disease, it is termed ''pathological atrophy'', although it can be a part of normal body development and homeostasis as well.
==Normal development==
Examples of atrophy as part of normal development include shrinking and the involution of the thymus in early childhood, and the tonsils in adolescence. In old age, effects include, but are not limited to, loss of teeth, hair, thinning of skin that creates wrinkles, weakening of muscles, loss of weight in organs and sluggish mental activity.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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