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artery
Arteries ()〔(ἀρτηρία ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. While most arteries carry oxygenated blood, there are two exceptions to this, the pulmonary and the umbilical arteries. The effective arterial blood volume is that extracellular fluid which fills the arterial system.
The circulatory system is vital for sustaining life. Its normal functioning is responsible for the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to all cells, as well as the removal of carbon dioxide and waste products, the maintenance of optimum pH, and the circulation of proteins and cells of the immune system. In developed countries, the two leading causes of death, myocardial infarction (heart attack), and stroke, may each directly result from an arterial system that has been slowly and progressively compromised by years of deterioration.
== Structure==
The anatomy of arteries can be separated into gross anatomy, at the macroscopic level, and microscopic anatomy, which must be studied with the aid of a microscope. The arterial system of the human body is divided into systemic arteries, carrying blood from the heart to the whole body, and pulmonary arteries, carrying deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
The outermost layer is known as the ''tunica externa'' also known as ''tunica adventitia'' and is composed of connective tissue made up of collagen fibers. Inside this layer is the ''tunica media'', or ''media'', which is made up of smooth muscle cells and elastic tissue (also called connective tissue proper). The innermost layer, which is in direct contact with the flow of blood is the ''tunica intima'', commonly called the ''intima''. This layer is made up of mainly endothelial cells. The hollow internal cavity in which the blood flows is called the lumen.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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