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arrest : ウィキペディア英語版
arrest

An arrest is the act of depriving a person of their liberty usually in relation to the purported investigation or prevention of crime and presenting (the arrestee) to a procedure as part of the criminal justice system. The term is Anglo-Norman in origin and is related to the French word ''arrêt'', meaning "stop".

Arrest, when used in its ordinary and natural sense, means the apprehension of a person or the deprivation of a person's liberty. The question whether the person is under arrest or not depends not on the legality of the arrest, but on whether the person has been deprived of personal liberty of movement. When used in the legal sense in the procedure connected with criminal offences, an arrest consists in the taking into custody of another person under authority empowered by law, to be held or detained to answer a criminal charge or to prevent the commission of a criminal or further offence. The essential elements to constitute an arrest in the above sense are that there must be an intent to arrest under the authority, accompanied by a seizure or detention of the person in the manner known to law, which is so understood by the person arrested

::::''Directorate of Enforcement v Deepak Mahajan,'' (1994) 3 SCC 440 at ¶46 (SC of India)).
Police and various other bodies have powers of arrest. In some places, the power is more general; for example in England and Wales, any person can arrest "anyone whom he has reasonable grounds for suspecting to be committing, have committed or be guilty of committing an indictable offence," although certain conditions must be met before taking such action.〔(section 24a, Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 )〕
Article 9 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that, "No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile."
==Etymology==

The word "arrest" is Anglo-Norman in origin, derived from the French word ''arrêt'' meaning 'to stop or stay' and signifies a restraint of a person. Lexicologically, the meaning of the word arrest is given in various dictionaries depending upon the circumstances in which word is used. There are numerous slang terms for being arrested throughout the world. In British slang terminology, the term "nicked" is often synonymous with being arrested, and "nick" can also refer to a police station, and the term "pinched" is also common.〔Partridge, Eric and Paul Beale''A dictionary of slang and unconventional English'', p. 790, 886.〕 In the United States and France the term "collared" is sometimes used.〔Hérail, René James and Edwin A. Lovatt, ''Dictionary of Modern Colloquial French'', p. 194.〕 The term "lifted" is also heard on occasion.〔Partridge, Eric and Paul Beale''A dictionary of slang and unconventional English'', p. 681.〕

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
ウィキペディアで「arrest」の詳細全文を読む



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