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archduke
Archduke (feminine: Archduchess) (German: ''Erzherzog'', feminine form: ''Erzherzogin'') was the title borne from 1358 by the Habsburg rulers of the Archduchy of Austria and later, by all senior members of that dynasty. It denotes a rank within the former Holy Roman Empire (961-1806), which was below that of Emperor and King and above that of Duke and Prince.〔Meyers Taschenlexikon Geschichte 1982, vol 1, p22 & vol 2 pp106 & 319〕
The territory ruled by an Archduke or Archduchess was called an Archduchy. All remaining Archduchies ceased to exist in 1918.
==Terminology==
The English word is first recorded in 1530, derived from Middle, via Old, French ', from Merovingian Latin ''ラテン語:archidux'', from Greek ''-'', meaning "authority" or "primary" (see ''arch-'') and ''ラテン語:dux'' "duke" (literally "leader")
"Archduke" ((ドイツ語:Erzherzog); (オランダ語:Aartshertog)) is a title distinct from "Grand Duke" ((フランス語:Grand-Duc); (ルクセンブルク語:Groussherzog); (ドイツ語:Großherzog)), a later monarchic title borne by the rulers of other European countries (for instance, Luxembourg).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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