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aorist
Aorist (; abbreviated ) is a term for a set of verb forms that usually express perfective aspect and refer to past events, similar to a preterite. It is used in Ancient Greek grammar, and the grammars of other Indo-European languages and languages influenced by the Indo-European grammatical tradition, such as Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit, Armenian, the South Slavic languages, and Georgian.
The word comes from Ancient Greek ''aóristos'' "indefinite", as the aorist was the unmarked (default) form of the verb, and thus did not have the implications of the imperfective aspect, which referred to an ongoing or repeated situation, or the perfect, which referred to a situation with a continuing relevance; instead it described an action "pure and simple".〔Frank Beetham, ''Learning Greek with Plato'', Bristol Phoenix Press, 2007, p. 362. This does not mean, however, that the aorist was aspectually neutral (Maria Napoli, 2006, ''Aspect and actionality in Homeric Greek'', p. 67).〕
Because the aorist was the unmarked aspect in Ancient Greek, the term is sometimes applied to unmarked verb forms in other languages, such as the habitual aspect in Turkish.〔Geoffrey Lewis, ''Turkish Grammar'' (2nd ed, 2000, Oxford).〕
==Indo-European languages==
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