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alembic
An alembic (, , possibly from Semitic〔Forbes, Robert James (1970) ''A Short History of the Art of Distillation: from the beginnings up to the death of Cellier Blumenthal''. Leyden: E. J. Brill ISBN 978-90-04-00617-1; p. 23〕) is an alchemical still consisting of two vessels connected by a tube, used for distilling chemicals. Technically, the alembic is the lid with a tube attachment (the ''still-head''), which is placed on top of a flask, the cucurbit, containing the material to be distilled, but the word is often used to refer to the entire distillation apparatus. If the lid and flask are in one piece, it may be called a retort. The liquid in the cucurbit flask is heated or boiled; the vapor rises into the alembic hood, where it cools by contact with the walls and condenses, running down the spout into a receiving flask.
A modern descendant of the alembic (used to produce distilled beverages) is the pot still.
==Etymology==
The word "alembic" is also used metaphorically for anything that refines or transmutes, as if by distillation (as in "the alembic of creative thought"). The word, like most alchemical terminology, comes from the Arabic: ''al-anbīq'', meaning "still". The French spelling ''alambic'' is also commonly used, especially as the apparatus is often associated with cognac where it is known as ''alambic charentais'' (Charente alembic). In Shakespeare's plays, the older variant "limbeck" appears. An old French name for an alembic (more specifically, the cucurbit) was ''matras''.〔Tolhausen brothers and Gardissal, ed.s, ''Dictionnaire technologique français-anglais-allemand:'' … (Technical dictionary in French, English, and German: … ), Part I, (Paris, France: A. Morel et Cie., 1864), (p. 100. )〕
The alembic symbol is Unicode U+2697 ALEMBIC ((unicode:⚗)).
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