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Aflatoxins are naturally occurring mycotoxins that are produced by the fungi species ''Aspergillus flavus'' and ''Aspergillus parasiticus''. The term "aflatoxin" was created around 1960 after the discovery that the source of "Turkey 'X' disease" was ''Aspergillus flavus toxins''. Aflatoxins are toxic and among the most carcinogenic substances known. After entering the body, aflatoxins may be metabolized by the liver to a reactive epoxide intermediate or hydroxylated to become the less harmful aflatoxin M1. == Major types of aflatoxins and their metabolites == At least 14 different types of aflatoxin are produced in nature. Aflatoxin B1 is considered the most toxic and is produced by both ''Aspergillus flavus'' and ''Aspergillus parasiticus''. Aflatoxin G1 and G2 are produced exclusively by ''A. parasiticus''. While the presence of ''Aspergillus'' in food products does not always indicate that harmful levels of aflatoxin also are present, it does imply a significant risk in consumption. Aflatoxins M1, M2 originally were discovered in the milk of cows that fed on moldy grain. These compounds are products of a conversion process in the animal's liver, however, aflatoxin M1 is present in the fermentation broth of ''Aspergillus parasiticus''. * Aflatoxin B1 & B2, produced by ''Aspergillus flavus'' and ''A. parasiticus'' * Aflatoxin G1 & G2, produced by ''Aspergillus parasiticus'' * Aflatoxin M1, metabolite of aflatoxin B1 in humans and animals (exposure in ng levels may come from a mother's milk) * Aflatoxin M2, metabolite of aflatoxin B2 in milk of cattle fed on contaminated foods〔(Aflatoxin M2 ) product page from Fermentek〕 * Aflatoxicol * Aflatoxin Q1 (AFQ1), major metabolite of AFB1 in ''in vitro'' liver preparations of other higher vertebrates 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「aflatoxin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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