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Adalimumab, trade names Humira and Exemptia are TNF inhibiting anti-inflammatory medication. Adalimumab has been approved in the United States for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, moderate to severe chronic psoriasis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. In rheumatoid arthritis, adalimumab has a response rate similar to methotrexate, and in combination nearly doubles the response rate of methotrexate alone.〔(Adalimumab (Humira) for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis ), BETH WELCH, Am Fam Physician. 2008 Dec 15;78(12):1406-1408.〕 Because TNFα is part of the immune system that protects the body from infection, treatment with adalimumab may increase the risk of infections. Adalimumab binds to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). TNFα normally binds to TNFα receptors, which leads to the inflammatory response of autoimmune diseases. By binding to TNFα, adalimumab reduces this inflammatory response. Adalimumab was the first fully human monoclonal antibody drug approved by the FDA. It was derived from phage display, and was discovered through a collaboration between BASF Bioresearch Corporation (Worcester, Massachusetts, a unit of BASF) and Cambridge Antibody Technology as D2E7, then further manufactured at BASF Bioresearch Corporation and developed by BASF Knoll (BASF Pharma) and, ultimately, manufactured and marketed by Abbott Laboratories after the acquisition of BASF Pharma by Abbott. On January 1, 2013 Abbott split into two companies, one retaining the Abbott name and the other named AbbVie. Humira is now owned by AbbVie. Humira costs approximately $3,100 per month, like the TNF-alpha inhibitor etanercept. In 2012, Humira had $4.3 billion of sales in the US,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Top 100 Drugs for 2012 by Sales - U.S. Pharmaceutical Statistics )〕 and $9.3 billion worldwide.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Abbott MediaRoom - Press Releases )〕 In December 2014, Cadila Healthcare Ltd., launched in India the first Adalimumab biosimilar, under the name Exemptia, at a price of $200 a vial. Humira's U.S. patent will expire in 2016.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=India's Cadila launches first cheaper copy of world's top-selling drug )〕 == Medical uses == Adalimumab, like other TNF inhibitors, infliximab, etanercept, certolizumab pegol and golimumab, may be used in the treatment of several conditions where the suppression of the immune response is desired. Not all the listed applications have been approved worldwide. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「adalimumab」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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