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Zymoblot
Zymoblot is the fastest available microtechnique to detect gene expression or enzyme activity in any biological specimen. The technique was invented by Professor Elsayed Elsayed Wagih in collaboration with Professor Jacqueline Fletcher of the Department of Plant Pathology, Noble Research Centre, Oklahoma State University, USA in 1993.〔Wagih, E. E. and Fletcher, J. (1993). Zymoblot, a new microtechnique used to detect enzyme activity in spiroplasmas and bacteria. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 39: 543- 547.〕
==Background==
Physiological phenomena whether at the cellular or molecular level in living organisms are driven either directly or indirectly by enzyme reactions. The assay of enzyme activities in living organisms is therefore one of the most commonly performed activities in modern physiology laboratories. Numerous methods of enzyme assays are available to quantitatively follow enzyme reactions. These methods which have been grouped in six categories, namely, spectrophotometric, fluorescence, nanometric, electrode, polarimetric,〔Dixon, M. and Webb, E.C. (1979). Enzymes. 3rd ed. Longman Group Ltd. 1116pp.〕 radiobiochemical〔Wiseman, A. () (1983). Topics in enzyme and fermentation Biotechnology 7. Ellis Horwood Ltd. 314pp.〕 are with no drawbacks. Recently, a new qualitative or rather semi quantitative micro-technique, first described by Wagih and Fletcher (1993),〔 and termed 'zymoblot' has been introduced to detect enzyme activities in spiroplasmas and bacteria and many other biological systems.〔Wagih, E.E. and Wagih, M.E. (1996). The Zymoblot Technique: Potential in Plant Physiology. Proc. 2nd Asia-Pacific Conference on Plant Physiology, Shah Alam, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 20–22 August 1996.〕〔Wagih, M. E., Onwueme, I. C. and Wagih, E. E. (1996). Detection of differential peroxidase gene expression in taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Scotts) using the zymoblot technique. In the 2nd International Crop Science Congress. New Delhi, India, 17–24 November 1996.〕 Later, the technique was made quantitative by densitometry and successfully used to monitor peroxidase activity in virus infected plants.〔Wagih, E. E. and Wagih, M. E. (1997). Quantitative Zymoblot and Proteinblot Techniques and their Use in Monitoring Total Enzyme and Soluble Protein Alterations in Plant Virus Infections Proc. 1st All Africa Crop Science Conference, Pretoria, The Republic of South Africa, 13–17 January 1997.〕
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