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Zugunruhe
''Zugunruhe'' (pronounced (:ˈtsuːkˌʔʊnʁuːə)) is a German compound word consisting of ''Zug'' (move, migration) and ''Unruhe'' (anxiety, restlessness).
In ethology it describes anxious behavior in migratory animals, especially in birds during the normal migration period. When these animals are enclosed, such as in an Emlen funnel, ''Zugunruhe'' serves to study the seasonal cycles of the migratory syndrome. ''Zugunruhe'' involves increased activity towards and after dusk with changes in the normal sleep pattern. Researchers have been able to study the endocrine controls and navigational mechanisms associated with migration by studying ''Zugunruhe''.
''Zugunruhe'' has been artificially induced in experiments by simulating long days. Some studies on White-crowned Sparrows have suggested that prolactin is involved in the pre-migratory hyperphagia (feeding), fattening and ''Zugunruhe'' however others have found that prolactin may merely be associated with lipogenesis (fat accumulation).
The phenomenon of ''Zugunruhe'' was generally believed to be found only in migratory species; however, a study of a resident species has shown low-level ''Zugunruhe'', including oriented activity, suggesting that the endogenous mechanisms for migratory behaviour may be present even in a resident species.〔 Further suggestions for endogenous programs are provided by observations that the number of nights on which ''Zugunruhe'' is exhibited by caged migrants appears related to the distance of migration involved.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Zugunruhe」の詳細全文を読む
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