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ZDF
Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen ((:tsvaɪˈtɛs ˈdɔʏtʃɛs fɛɐ̯nˈzɛhɛn); (英語:Second German Television)), usually shortened to ZDF, is a German public-service television broadcaster based in Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate. It is run as an independent nonprofit institution, which was founded by all federal states of Germany (''Bundesländer''). ZDF is financed by television licence fees and advertising revenues. The ZDF is well known for its famous TV formats'' heute'' (newscast; established in 1963) and ''Wetten, dass..?'' (entertainment show; premiered in 1981, ended in 2014). Thomas Bellut, the current director general, was elected by the ZDF Television Council in 2011.〔
==History==
ZDF was founded in 1961 by interstate agreement, after the West German federal government's plan to set up a TV channel controlled by the federal government caused uproar. West Germany's constitution stipulated that regulation of culture and media was a compentency of the federal states (''Bundesländer''). The station began broadcasting from Eschborn near Frankfurt am Main on 1 April 1963, with a speech by the first director general (Intendant), Dr. Karl Holzamer. The channel broadcast its first programme in colour in 1967. In 1974, ZDF moved its base of operations to Mainz-Lerchenberg, after briefly being located in Wiesbaden. In 1960, the German postal service began constructing a transmitter chain for a second television network. This new network was to be broadcast on the UHF spectrum which required new reception equipment. For older receivers, a converter was sold for about 80 DM (about $20 in 1961 dollars〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/projects/currency.htm )〕 ($ today)). As with the earlier ARD television network, the location of the transmitters was carefully planned to ensure the entire country would be able to receive the programming. To test the transmitters and encourage the public to purchase UHF receivers, the federal government allowed the ARD network to create a temporary secondary channel, ARD 2, which was broadcast daily from 8 to 10 p.m. ARD 2 began broadcasting on 1 May 1961 in the transmission area of Hessischer Rundfunk and a month later expanded nationwide.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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