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Yörüks
The Yörüks, also Yuruks or Yorouks ((トルコ語:Yörük); (ギリシア語:Γιουρούκοι), ''Giouroúkoi''; (ブルガリア語:юруци); (マケドニア語:Јуруци) ''yuritsi''), are a Turkish ethnic group,〔Vakalopoulos, Apostolos Euangelou. "'' Origins of the Greek Nation: The Byzantine Period, 1204-1461''". Rutgers University Press, 1970. (''web link'' ), (''p. 163'' ), (''p. 330'' )〕 some of whom are nomadic, primarily inhabiting the mountains of Anatolia and partly Balkan peninsula. Their name derives from the Turkish verb yürü- (''yürümek'' in infinitive), which means "to walk", with the word ''yörük'' or ''yürük'' designating "those who walk, walkers".〔Turkish Language Association - ''TDK Online Dictionary''. (''Yorouk'' ), (''yorouk'' ) 〕〔("yuruk." ) ''Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged.'' Merriam-Webster. 2002.〕 Yörüks lived within the Yörük Sanjak ((トルコ語:Yörük Sancağı)) which was not a territorial unit like other sanjaks but a separate organisational unit of the Ottoman Empire.
==Yörüks in Anatolia==
Historians and ethnologists often use the additional appellative 'Yörük Turcoman' or 'Turkmens' to describe the Yörüks of Anatolia. In Turkey's general parlance today, the terms "Türkmen" and "Yörük" indicate the gradual degrees of preserved attachment with the former semi-nomadic lifestyle of the populations concerned, with the "Turkmen" now leading a fully sedentary life, while keeping parts of their heritage through folklore and traditions, in arts like carpet-weaving, with the continued habit of keeping a ''yayla'' house for the summers, sometimes in relation to the Alevi community etc. and with Yörüks maintaining a yet stronger association with nomadism. These names ultimately hint to their Oghuz Turkish roots. The remaining transhumant or "true" Yörüks of today's Anatolian region traditionally use the camel as means of transportation though these are more and more replaced by trucks.
The Yörüks are divided in a large number of named endogamous patrilineal tribes (aşiret). Among recent tribes mentioned in the literature are Aksigirli, Ali Efendi, Bahsıs, Cakallar, Coşlu, Qekli, Gacar, Güzelbeyli, Horzum, Karaevli, Karahacılı, Karakoyunlu, Karakayalı, Karalar, Karakecili, Manavlı, Melemenci, San Agalı, Sanhacılı, Sarıkeçili, Tekeli and Yeni Osmanlı. The tribes are splittered in clans or lineages, i.e. ''oymak'', ''boy'', ''sülale'' or ''oba''.〔Materialia Turcica, vol. 5-8, Studienverlag Brockmeyer., 1981, p.25〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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