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Vranje ((セルビア語:Врање, ''Vranje''), ) is a city in southern Serbia. The population of the city administrative area is 83,524, while the urban area has 55,138 people. It is the administrative center of the Pčinja District of Serbia and the southernmost settlement which is in an official category of a ''city'' (''grad''). It is on the Pan-European Corridor X, close to the borders with Macedonia and Bulgaria. ==Name and history== There is no reliable information on the precise location or time of early settlements on which Vranje developed. It is assumed that it originated during either Roman or Greek dominance and that the region itself was inhabited by Ilyrian and Thracian tribes. Vranje's region was very important, because many caravan roads and armies who went north passed through Vranje valley. The Romans conquered the region in the 2nd or 1st centuries BC. Vranje was part of Moesia Superior and Dardania during the Roman rule. The Roman fortresses in the Vranje region was abandoned during the Hun attacks in 539–544 AD, These include the localities of Kale at Vranjska Banja, Gradište in Korbevac and Gradište in Prvonek. The modern name stems from the old word for "black" ("vran") in the Serbian language and first appears in the Alexiad by Byzantine princess and scholar Anna Comnena (1083–1153): In 1193, Vranje was seized by the Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja from the Byzantines. However, soon afterward he retreated. Vranje definitely entered Serbian state in 1207 when it was conquered by Stefan the First-Crowned. During the fall of the Serbian Empire, Vranje was independent under Uglješa Vlatković, ‘’the Lord of Vranje, Preševo and Kumanovo.’’ Uglješa Vlatković became vassal of Stefan Lazarević, after the Battle of Tripolje, so Vranje became part of Serbian Despotate. Ottomans conquered Vranje on 14 June 1455. The town held important position during their rule. Many wealthy Muslims lived in Vranje, and they built several mosques, Amam and residence of the pashas – Pašin konak. The town was part of the Sanjak of Niš. Vranje was under Ottoman rule for 422 years and was liberated by the Serbian army under the command of general Jovan Belimarković. During this time city had around 8000 residents, mostly Serbs. In the early 20th century, Vranje had around 12000 inhabitants. As a border town of the Kingdom of Serbia, it was used as the starting point for the Četniks and Komitas who fought against the Ottomans in Old Serbia. In the First Balkan war, the main headquarters of the Serbian army was in the town. King Peter I Karađorđević, Prime Minister Nikola Pašić and the chief of staff General Radomir Putnik stayed in Vranje. In the First World War, Vranje was conquered by the Kingdom of Bulgaria on 16/17 October 1915. They implemented Bulgarisation against non-Bulgarian population of Vranje and committed war crimes. After the war, Vranje was part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in one of the 33 oblasts; in 1929, it became part of the Vardar Banovina. During the Second World War, German Nazis entered the town on 9 April 1941 and transferred it to the Bulgarians on 22 April 1941. During Bulgarian rule, 400 Serbs were shot and around 4000 Serb patriots were interned. Vranje was liberated by the Yugoslav People's Army on 7 September 1944. Vranje became part of the Pčinja District in the new Yugoslavia, and in the 1960s and 1970s it was industrialized. During the 1990s, the economy of Vranje was heavily affected by the Sanctions against Yugoslavia and 1999 NATO bombing. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vranje」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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