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Vivaro-Alpine dialect
Vivaro-Alpine (English name) or Vivaroalpenc, Vivaroaupenc (native name) is a Romance language variety spoken in southeastern France (namely, around the Dauphiné area) and northwestern Italy (the Occitan Valleys of Piedmont and Liguria). It in turn belongs to a broader category known as the Occitan language along with other forms of speech in the south of France such as Provençal and Gascon.〔 Jean-Marie Klinkenberg, ''Des langues romanes. Introduction aux études de linguistique romane'', De Boeck, 2e édition, 1999,〕〔''La langue se divise en trois grandes aires dialectales : le nord-occitan (limousin, auvergnat, vivaro-alpin), l'occitan moyen, qui est le plus proche de la langue médiévale (languedocien et provençal au sens restreint), et le gascon (à l'ouest de la Garonne).'' in (Encyclopédie Larousse )〕 There is also a small Vivaro-Alpine enclave in the Guardia Piemontese, Calabria, where the language is known as ''gardiol''. It belongs to the Northern Occitan dialect block, along with Auvergnat and Limousin.
==Naming and classification==
''Vivaro-Alpine'' had been considered as a sub-dialect of Provençal, and named ''provençal alpin'' (Alpine Provençal) or Northern Provençal.〔 Jean-Claude Bouvier, "L'occitan en Provence : limites, dialectes et variété" in ''Revue de linguistique romane'' 43, pp 46-62〕
Its use in the Dauphiné area has also lead to the use of ''dauphinois'' or ''dauphinois alpin'' to name it.〔 Jules Ronjat, ''Grammaire istorique des parlers provençaux modernes, vol. IV Les dialectes'', Montpellier, 1941〕 Along with Ronjat〔 and Bec,〔 Pierre Bec, ''La langue occitane'', Paris, 1995〕 it is now clearly recognized as a dialect of its own.
The ''UNESCO Atlas of World's languages in danger''〔(UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger )〕 uses the ''Alpine Provençal'' name, and considers it as seriously endangered.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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