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Violieren
The Violieren (wallflower or gillyflower) was a chamber of rhetoric that dates back to the 15th century in Antwerp, when it was a social drama society with close links to the Guild of St. Luke.〔A. A. Keersmaekers, ''Geschiedenis van de Antwerpse Rederijkerskamers in de jaren 1585–1635'' (Aalst, 1952)〕 It was one of three drama guilds in the city, the other two being the ''Goudbloem'' and the ''Olyftack''. In 1660 the Violieren merged with former rival Olyftack, and in 1762 the society was dissolved altogether.
==History==
Much of what is known today about Antwerp's chambers of rhetoric comes from the city and guild archives. According to a note by the year 1480 in the early records of the Guild of St. Luke, the chamber's first victory was at a "Landjuweel" (a rhetoric competition open to contenders from throughout the Duchy of Brabant) in Leuven that took place that year. Their motto was "Wt ionsten versaemt"(united in friendship). From 1490, the chamber received an annual grant from the town of Antwerp.〔Gary Waite, (''Reformers on Stage: Popular drama and religious propaganda in the Low Countries'' ) (University of Toronto Press, 2000) on Google books〕 In 1493 they participated in a major contest in Mechelen and in 1496 they hosted their own "Landjuweel" in Antwerp.〔
The society was popular throughout the 16th century and many noted artists were members. The French Wikipedia includes a list of the deans.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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