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In linguistics, veridicality is a semantic or grammatical assertion of the truth of an utterance. For example, the statement "Paul saw a snake" asserts the truthfulness of the claim, while "Paul ''did'' see a snake" is an even stronger assertion. Negation is veridical, though of opposite polarity, sometimes called ''antiveridical'': "Paul didn't see a snake" asserts that the statement "Paul saw a snake" is false. In English, non-indicative moods are frequently used in a nonveridical sense: "Paul may have seen a snake" and "Paul would have seen a snake" do not assert that Paul actually saw a snake (and the second implies that he did not), though "Paul would indeed have seen a snake" is veridical, and some languages have separate veridical conditional moods for such cases. == Veridicality in semantic theory == The formal definition of veridicality views the context as a propositional operator. # A propositional operator ''F'' is veridical iff ''Fp'' entails ''p'': ''Fp'' → ''p''; otherwise ''F'' is nonveridical. # Additionally, a nonveridical operator ''F'' is antiveridical iff ''Fp'' entails ''not p'': ''Fp'' → ¬''p''. For temporal and aspectual operators, the definition of veridicality is somewhat more complex: * For operators relative to instants of time: Let ''F'' be a temporal or aspectual operator, and ''t'' an instant of time. *# ''F'' is veridical iff for ''Fp'' to be true at time ''t'', ''p'' must be true at a (contextually relevant) time ''t′'' ≤ ''t''; otherwise ''F'' is nonveridical. *# A nonveridical operator ''F'' is antiveridical iff for ''Fp'' to be true at time ''t'', ¬''p'' must be true at a (contextually relevant) time ''t′'' ≤ ''t''. * For operators relative to intervals of time: Let ''F'' be a temporal or aspectual operator, and ''t'' an interval of time. *# ''F'' is veridical iff for ''Fp'' to be true of ''t'', ''p'' must be true of all (contextually relevant) ''t′'' ⊆ ''t''; otherwise ''F'' is nonveridical. *# A nonveridical operator ''F'' is antiveridical iff for ''Fp'' to be true of ''t'', ¬''p'' must be true of all (contextually relevant) ''t′'' ⊆ ''t''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Veridicality」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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