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Varna
Varna ((ブルガリア語:Варна), pronounced (:ˈvarnɐ)) is the largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast and the third largest city in Bulgaria with a population of 335,949. It is also the fourth largest city on the Black Sea.
Often referred to as the marine (or summer) capital of Bulgaria, Varna is a major tourist destination, a starting point for all the resorts in the northern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, business and university centre, seaport, and headquarters of the Bulgarian Navy and merchant marine. In April 2008, Varna was designated seat of the Black Sea Euro-Region (a new regional organization, not identical to the Black Sea Euroregion) by the Council of Europe.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Варна (Varna) Becomes Centre of the Black Sea Euro-Region (Bulgarian) )〕
The Varna culture is a record holder, the oldest golden treasure in the world was discovered in Varna Necropolis, located in the present City of Varna consisting of artifacts dating to 4200-4600 BC.
==Etymology==
Theophanes the Confessor first mentioned the name ''Varna'', as the city came to be known with the Slavic conquest of the Balkans in the 6th–7th century. The name could be of Varangian origin, as Varangians had been crossing the Black Sea for many years, reaching Constantinople in the early Middle Ages. In Swedish, the meaning of 'värn' is 'shield', 'defense' - hence Varna is a defended, fortified place.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Monument of the Vikings to be built near Varna )〕 The name may be older than that; perhaps it derives from Proto-Indo-European root ''we-r-'' (water) (see also Varuna), or from Proto-Slavic root ''varn'' (black), or from Iranian ''bar'' or ''var'' (camp, fortress: see also Etymological list of provinces of Bulgaria). According to Theophanes, in 680 Asparukh, the founder of the First Bulgarian Empire, routed an army of Constantine IV near the Danube delta and, pursuing it, reached ''the so-called Varna near Odyssos (τὴν λεγομένην Βάρναν, πλησίον Ὀδυσσοῦ) and the midlands thereof''. Perhaps the new name applied initially to an adjacent river or lake, a Roman military camp, or an inland area, and only later to the city itself. By the late 10th century, the name ''Varna'' was established so firmly that when Byzantines wrestled back control of the area from the Bulgarians in the 970's, they kept it rather than restoring the ancient name ''Odessos''. The latter is often said to be of Carian origin, though no modern scholarship supports this.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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