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Unterwart or Alsóőr ((ドイツ語:Unterwart); (ハンガリー語:Alsóőr); Croatian: ''Dolnja Borta'') is a village in Burgenland, Austria, in the district of Oberwart (Hun: ''Felsőőr''). The village lies on the banks of the Pinka river, and it had a population of 964 in 2001 (without Eisenzicken only 724). Unterwart is one of only two settlements in Austria with an ethnic Hungarian majority. It is part of the Upper Őrség microregion, a small Hungarian language island together with Oberwart and Siget in der Wart (''Őrisziget''). ==History== The village was established together with Felsőőr (today Oberwart) in the early Middle Ages. As the name of the villages indicates they were part of the border-zone of the Kingdom of Hungary (''gyepű''). The population was made up of Hungarian frontier guards (''őr''), probably related to the Székelys of Transylvania. The guards constituted a free, privileged community. Alsóőr belonged to the old county of Vas until 1921. In 1327 King Charles I of Hungary confirmed the rights of the villagers and ranked them among the nobles. Although later they lost their military significance, the noble ''őr''s kept their privileges and defended them resolutely against the intentions of big landowners. The Hungarian Parliament confirmed their rights several times (1478, 1498, 1547). The society of Alsóőr in the 18-19th centuries was made up of two class, the nobles (''nobilis'') and the non-nobles (''agilis''). The lands of village were the property of Community of the Nobles. The ''agilis'' only used some parts of it or made their living from handicrafts like boot-making, book-binding, turnering etc. In the middle of the 19th century 47 different crafts were practiced in the village, and the taylors even established their own guilde. In the Age of Reformation the people of Alsóőr converted to Lutheranism but - contrary to the neighbouring Felsőőr - later they returned to the Roman Catholic faith. The village became an independent parish in 1808. In 1921 the village became part of the Republic of Austria after the Treaty of Trianon although the Hungarians of the Felső-Őrség opposed the change. Unterwart remained a poor agricultural community well until the 1970s. In the first part of the 20th century a lot of people emigrated to the United States. After World War II Unterwart/Alsóőr underwent a thorough modernization and industrialization with the building of roads, civic buildings, sewage canals and the regulation of the Pinka. In the recent past a new club house, fitness centre, doctor's office and two-storey houses were built giving a modern appearance to the village. In 1971 the neighbouring small German village of Eisenzicken was merged into Unterwart. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Unterwart」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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