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Ulex
''Ulex'' (gorse, furze or whin) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. The genus comprises about 20 species of thorny evergreen shrubs in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae. The species are native to parts of western Europe and northwest Africa, with the majority of species in Iberia.
Gorse is closely related to the brooms, and like them, has green stems and very small leaves and is adapted to dry growing conditions. However it differs in its extreme thorniness, the shoots being modified into branched thorns long, which almost wholly replace the leaves as the plant's functioning photosynthetic organs. The leaves of young plants are trifoliate, but in mature plants they are reduced to scales or small spines.〔A R Clapham, T G Tutin, E F Warburg, ''Flora of the British Isles'', Cambridge, 1962, p 331〕 All the species have yellow flowers, generally showy, some with a very long flowering season.
==Species==
The most widely familiar species is common gorse (''Ulex europaeus''), the only species native to much of western Europe, where it grows in sunny sites, usually on dry, sandy soils. It is also the largest species, reaching in height; this compares with typically for Western Gorse (''Ulex gallii''). This latter species is characteristic of highly exposed Atlantic coastal heathland and montane habitats. In the eastern part of Great Britain, dwarf furze (''Ulex minor'') replaces western gorse. ''Ulex minor'' grows only about tall, a habit characteristic of sandy lowland heathland.
Common gorse flowers a little in late autumn and through the winter, coming into flower most strongly in spring. Western Gorse and Dwarf Furze flower in late summer (August–September in Ireland and Great Britain). Between the different species, some gorse is almost always in flower, hence the old country phrase: "When gorse is out of blossom, kissing's out of fashion". Gorse flowers have a distinctive coconut scent, experienced very strongly by some individuals, but weakly by others.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/wild_plants/plant_species/gorse/ )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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