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Oddiyana
(Skt. ''Oḍḍiyāna''; , (オリヤー語:ଓଡ଼ିଆଣ)), a small country in early medieval India, is ascribed importance in the development and dissemination of Vajrayana Buddhism.〔Keown, Damien (ed.) with Hodge, Stephen; Jones, Charles; Tinti, Paola (2003). ''A Dictionary of Buddhism''. Great Britain, Oxford: Oxford University Press. P.203. ISBN 0-19-860560-9〕 The physical location of ' is disputed and open to conjecture.〔Keown, Damien (ed.) with Hodge, Stephen; Jones, Charles; Tinti, Paola (2003). ''A Dictionary of Buddhism''. Great Britain, Oxford: Oxford University Press. P.203. ISBN 0-19-860560-9〕 Possible locations that have been identified are:
*Odisha〔Keown, Damien (ed.) with Hodge, Stephen; Jones, Charles; Tinti, Paola (2003). ''A Dictionary of Buddhism''. Great Britain, Oxford: Oxford University Press. P.203. ISBN 0-19-860560-9〕 in Eastern India, through a case founded upon "literary, archeological and iconographic evidence" according to Keown ''et al.'' (2003: p. 203). Scholars championing this location contend that the name Oḍḍiyāna derives from the Dravidian ', denoting a native or indigenous person of ' (Odisha) or from ''Oṭṭiyam'', Telugu for ''Oḍra''. ' is also the Middle Indic form of ''Udyāna'' "garden," the name by which Xuanzang knew the region around Odisha.〔Keown, Damien (ed.) with Hodge, Stephen; Jones, Charles; Tinti, Paola (2003). ''A Dictionary of Buddhism''. Great Britain, Oxford: Oxford University Press. P.203. ISBN 0-19-860560-9〕
*In later Tibetan traditions, ' is either conflated or identified with Shambhala, a land inhabited by dakinis and inaccessible to or by ordinary mortals - a beyul "hidden land".〔Keown, Damien (ed.) with Hodge, Stephen; Jones, Charles; Tinti, Paola (2003). ''A Dictionary of Buddhism''. Great Britain, Oxford: Oxford University Press. P.203. ISBN 0-19-860560-9〕
==Conflation of Indrabhuti related to conflation of Oddiyana==
Confusion about the identity of Oddiyana is conflated with confusion about the identity of Indrabhuti as Donaldson (2001: p. 11) observes:
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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