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Tyrtaeus : ウィキペディア英語版
Tyrtaeus
Tyrtaeus (; ''Tyrtaios'') was a Greek lyric poet from Sparta who composed verses around the time of the Second Messenian War, the date of which isn't clearly established, but sometime in the latter part of the seventh century BC. He is known especially for political and military elegies, exhorting Spartans to support the state authorities and to fight bravely against the Messenians, who had temporarily succeeded in wresting their estates from Spartan control.
==Life==

Traditional accounts of his life, on which we rely for biographical details, were almost entirely deduced from his poetry or were simply fiction,〔J.P.Barron and P.E.Easterling, 'Elegy and Iambus' in ''The Cambridge History of Classical Literature: Greek Literature'', ed.s P.Easterling and B.Knox, Cambridge University Press (1985), page 130〕 as for example an account by Pausanias of his supposed transformation from a lame, stupid school teacher in Athens to the mastermind of Spartan victories against the Messenians.〔Pausanias 4.15.6, cited by Douglas E. Gerber, ''Greek Elegiac Poetry'', Loeb Classical Library (1999), page 31〕
Nevertheless, the Byzantine encyclopedia the ''Suda'' has two entries for Tyrtaeus, summarizing conflicting reports that were current at that time. The first of them runs as follows:
The second entry states that the Spartans took him as their general from among the Athenians in response to an oracle.

The floruit given in the first entry is perhaps too early since Jerome offers a date of 633–32. Modern scholars are less specific: dates for the Second Messenian War and hence for Tyrtaeus are given as broad approximations, such as "the latter part of the 7th century"〔V.Parker, 'The Dates of the Messenian Wars', ''Chiron'' 21 (1991), pages 25–47, as summarized by Douglas E. Gerber, ''Greek Elegiac Poetry'', Loeb Classical Library (1999), n. 1, page45〕 and "any time between the sixties and the thirties" of the seventh century.〔David A. Campbell, ''Greek Lyric Poetry'', Bristol Classical Press (1982), page 169〕 The claim in the Suda's second entry that Tyrtaeus was a Spartan general is made also by Athenaeus and Strabo.〔Athenaeus 14.630f and Strabo 8.4.10, cited by Douglas E. Gerber, ''Greek Elegiac Poetry'', Loeb Classical Library (1999), pages 33 and 49〕

Some of the other issues raised by the Suda are addressed under the following headings.

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