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A ''tulku'' (, also ''tülku'', ''trulku'') is a custodian of a specific lineage of teachings in Tibetan Buddhism who is given empowerments and trained from a young age by students of his predecessor. High-profile examples of tulkus include the Khyentses, the Kongtruls, the Dalai Lamas and the Karmapas. ==Nomenclature and etymology== The word སྤྲུལ or 'sprul' (Modern Lhasa Tibetan ) was a verb in Old Tibetan literature and was used to describe the བཙན་པོ་ btsanpo ('emperor'/天子) taking a human form on earth. So the 'sprul' idea of taking a corporeal form is a local religious idea alien to Indian Buddhism and other forms of Buddhism (e.g. Theravadin or Zen). Over time, indigenous religious ideas became assimilated by the new Buddhism; e.g. 'sprul' became part of a compound noun, སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་'sprul.sku' ("incarnation body" or 'tülku', and 'btsan', the term for the imperial ruler of the Tibetan Empire, became a kind of mountain deity). The term ''tülku'' became associated with the translation of the Sanskrit philosophical term ''nirmanakaya''. According to the philosophical system of ''trikaya'' or ''three bodies of Buddha'', nirmanakaya is the Buddha's "body" in the sense of the bodymind (Sanskrit: ''nāmarūpa''). Thus, the person of Siddhartha Gautama, the historical Buddha, is an example of nirmanakaya. In the context of Tibetan Buddhism, ''tülku'' is used to refer to the corporeal existence of enlightened Buddhist masters in general. In addition to Tibetans and related peoples, Tibetan Buddhism is a traditional religion of the Mongols and their relatives. The Mongolian word for a tulku is ''qubilγan'', though such persons may also be called by the honorific title ''qutuγtu'' (Tib: phags-pa'' and Skt: ''ārya ''or 'superior', not to be confused with the historic figure, 'Phags-pa Lama or the script attributed to him, 'Phags-pa script), or ''hutagt'' in the standard Khalkha dialect. According to the ''Light of Fearless Indestructible Wisdom'' by Khenpo Tsewang Dongyal: ''designates one who is "noble" (or "selfless" according to Buddha's usage) and used in Buddhist texts to denote a highly achieved being who has attained the first bhumi, a level of attainment which is truly egoless, or higher.'' The Chinese word for tulku is ''huófó'' (活佛), which literally means "living Buddha" and is sometimes used to mean tulku. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tulku」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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