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Travunija
Travunija or Travunia ((セルビア語:Травунија, ''Travunija''), ) was a medieval region, administrative unit and principality, which was part of Medieval Serbia (850–1371), and in its last years, the Bosnian Kingdom (1373–1482). The county became hereditary in a number of noble houses, often kin to the ruling dynasty. The region came under Ottoman rule in 1482. Its seat was Trebinje, Herzegovina (Bosnia-Herzegovina).
In the 9th and 10th centuries, the ''Župa'' of Travunia was held by the Belojević noble family, who were entitled the rule during the reign of Prince Vlastimir (r. 830–850), of the Vlastimirović dynasty. After the death of Časlav, the last dynastic member, the principality disintegrated, and the provinces were annexed by the Bulgars and Byzantines. In 1034, Stefan Vojislav (the founder of the Vojislavljević dynasty) incited a rebellion and renounced Byzantine rule, becoming the ''Prince of Serbs'',〔Scylitzes, 408-9〕〔Cedrenus, ed. Bonn, II, p. 526〕 ruling from the seat at Duklja. In the early 12th century, Desa of the Vukanović dynasty wrestled the region, and it continued under the rule of the Nemanjić dynasty (1166–1371), either held by dynastic members or close associates (most often military commanders), of which was the notable Vojinović noble family. After Nikola Altomanović, the holder of a large province during the fall of the Serbian Empire, was defeated in 1373, his estates were divided between Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović of Serbia, Đurađ I Balšić of Zeta, and Ban Tvrtko I Kotromanić of Bosnia. Trebinje continued under the Bosnian crown in the hands of the Pavlović family, then in 1435, it became part of the Duchy of Saint Sava of the Kosača family, as an Ottoman vassalage. Vladislav Hercegović was the last office holder of the region, before it was annexed in 1482 by the Ottomans and organized into ''Hersek Sancağı'' (of which the Herzegovina-region is named after; Stjepan Vukčić Kosača and Vladislav held the title ''herzog'', Duke).
==Background==
The Slavs invaded the Balkans during the reign of Justinian I (r. 527–565), when eventually up to 100,000 Slavs raided Thessalonica. The Western Balkans was settled with ''Sclaveni'' (Sklavenoi), the east with Antes.〔Hupchick, Dennis P. ''The Balkans: From Constantinople to Communism.'' Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. ISBN 1-4039-6417-3〕 The Sklavenoi plunder Thrace in 545, and again the next year. In 551, the Slavs crossed Niš initially headed for Thessalonica, but ended up in Dalmatia.〔Rastko.org, (Arheologija 13047 )〕 In 577 some 100,000 Slavs poured into Thrace and Illyricum, pillaging cities and then settling down.〔J B Bury, ''History of the Later Roman Empire from Arcadius to Irene'', Vol 2 (L )〕
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