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Jack mackerels are marine fish in the ''Trachurus'' genus of the Carangidae family. The name of the genus derives from the Greek words ''trachys'' ("rough") and ''oura'' ("tail"). Some species, such as ''T. murphyi'', are harvested in purse seine nets, and overfishing (harvesting beyond sustainable levels) has sometimes occurred.〔C.Michael Hogan. 2010. (''Overfishing''. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment ). eds. Sidney Draggan and C.Cleveland. Washington DC. 〕 It is often used in Japanese cuisine, where it is called ''aji'', and in Turkish cuisine, where it is called ''istavrit''. ==Species== The genus ''Trachurus'' was defined in 1810 by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, who called the type species ''Trachurus saurus''. Taxonomists later determined that ''T. saurus'' was in fact the same species as one described earlier as ''Scomber trachurus'', defined in 1758 by Carolus Linnaeus. Under the rules of binomial nomenclature, that species is now known as ''Trachurus trachurus'', commonly known as the Atlantic horse mackerel. The currently recognized species in this genus are: * ''Trachurus capensis'' Castelnau, 1861 (Cape horse mackerel) * ''Trachurus declivis'' (Jenyns, 1841) (greenback horse mackerel) * ''Trachurus delagoa'' Nekrasov, 1970 (African scad) * ''Trachurus indicus'' Nekrasov, 1966 (Arabian scad) * ''Trachurus japonicus'' (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844) (Japanese jack mackerel) * ''Trachurus lathami'' Nichols, 1920 (rough scad) * ''Trachurus longimanus'' (Norman, 1935) (Crozet scad) * ''Trachurus mediterraneus'' (Steindachner, 1868) (Mediterranean horse mackerel) * ''Trachurus murphyi'' Nichols, 1920 (Chilean jack mackerel) * ''Trachurus novaezelandiae'' J. Richardson, 1843 (yellowtail horse mackerel) * ''Trachurus picturatus'' (S. Bowdich, 1825) (blue jack mackerel) * ''Trachurus symmetricus'' (Ayres, 1855) (Pacific jack mackerel) * ''Trachurus trachurus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) (Atlantic horse mackerel) * ''Trachurus trecae'' Cadenat, 1950 (Cunene horse mackerel) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Trachurus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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