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Toxicofera (Greek for "those who bear toxins"), is a clade of scaled reptiles (squamates) that includes the Serpentes (snakes), Anguimorpha (monitor lizards, gila monster, and alligator lizards) and Iguania (iguanas, agamas, and chameleons). Toxicofera contains about 4600 species, (nearly 60%) of extant squamata.〔 〕 It encompasses all venomous reptile species, as well as numerous related non-venomous species. There is little morphological evidence to support this grouping, however it has been recovered by all recent molecular analyses.〔Vidal, Nicolas, and S. Blair Hedges. "The molecular evolutionary tree of lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians." Comptes rendus biologies 332, no. 2 (2009): 129-139.〕〔Pyron, Robert Alexander, Frank T. Burbrink, and John J. Wiens. "A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes." BMC evolutionary biology 13, no. 1 (2013): 93.〕〔Wiens, John J., Carl R. Hutter, Daniel G. Mulcahy, Brice P. Noonan, Ted M. Townsend, Jack W. Sites, and Tod W. Reeder. "Resolving the phylogeny of lizards and snakes (Squamata) with extensive sampling of genes and species." Biology letters 8, no. 6 (2012): 1043-1046.〕 ==Cladistics== Toxicofera combines the following groups from traditional classification:〔 * Suborder Serpentes (snakes) * Suborder Iguania (iguanas, agamid lizards, chameleons, etc.) * Infraorder Anguimorpha, consisting of: * * Family Varanidae (monitor lizards) * * Family Anguidae (alligator lizards, glass lizards, etc.) * * Family Helodermatidae (Gila monster and Mexican beaded lizard) * * Family Shinisauridae (Chinese crocodile lizard) * * Family Xenosauridae (knob-scaled lizards) Detailed cladogram in Reeder et al., 2015; Fig. 1 〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Toxicofera」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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