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In the culture of the Māori of New Zealand, a tohunga is an expert practitioner of any skill or art, either religious or otherwise. Tohunga include expert priests, healers, navigators, carvers, builders, teachers and advisors. "A tohunga may have also been the head of a whanau but quite often was also a rangatira and an ariki".〔Mead, S. M. (1997). ''Landmarks, bridges and visions: Essays''. Wellington, New Zealand: Victoria University Press. (p. 197).〕 The equivalent and cognate in Hawaiian culture is ''kahuna''. ==Callings and practices== There are many classes of tohunga (Best 1924:166) including: *Tohunga ahurewa: highest class of priest *Tohunga matakite: foretellers of the future *Tohunga whakairo: expert carvers *Tohunga tātai arorangi: experts at reading the stars *Tohunga kōkōrangi: expert in the study of celestial bodies (astronomer) *Tohunga tārai waka: expert canoe builders *Tohunga wetereo: expert in the language (linguist) *Tohunga tā moko: expert in tā moko (tattooist) *Tohunga mahi toi: expert artist *Tohunga tikanga tangata: expert in the study of humans (anthropologist) *Tohunga o Tumatauenga: expert in weapons or war party chaplain *Tohunga kiato: lowest class of priest Each tohunga was a gifted spiritual leader and possessed the natural ability of communicating between the spiritual and temporal realms through karakia (prayers), pātere (chants) or performing waiata (songs) that had been passed down to them by tohunga before them. However, their rites were mainly in the specific fields in which they practiced, as outlined above. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tohunga」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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