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Tohil () (also spelt Tojil) was a deity of the K'iche' Maya in the Late Postclassic period of Mesoamerica. At the time of the Spanish Conquest, Tohil was the patron god of the K'iche'.〔Miller & Taube 1993, 2003, p.170.〕 Tohil's principal function was that of a fire deity and he was also both a sun god and the god of rain.〔Christenson 2003, 2007, p.79.n.152. Sharer & Traxler 2006, p.718. Orellana 1981, p.160.〕 Tohil was also associated with mountains and he was a god of war, sacrifice and sustenance.〔Carmack 2001a, p.358. Carmack 2001b, p.124. Sachse & Christenson 2005, p.15.〕 In the K'iche' epic Popul Vuh, after the first people were created, they gathered at the mythical Tollan, the Place of the Seven Caves, to receive their language and their gods. The K'iche', and others, there received Tohil.〔Read & González 2000, p.90.〕 Tohil demanded blood sacrifice from the K'iche' and so they offered their own blood and also that of sacrificed captives taken in battle. In the Popul Vuh this consumption of blood by Tohil is likened to the suckling of an infant by its mother.〔Miller & Taube 1993, 2003, p.170.〕 Tohil may originally have been the same god as Q'uq'umatz, and shared the attributes of the feathered serpent with that deity,〔Fox 1987, 2008, p.60.〕 but they later diverged and each deity came to have a separate priesthood.〔Orellana 1981, p.159.〕 Sculptures of a human face emerging between the jaws of a serpent were common from the end of the Classic Period through to the Late Postclassic and may represent Q'uq'umatz in the act of carrying Hunahpu, the youthful avatar of the sun god Tohil, across the sky.〔Fox 1987, 2008, pp.60, 249.〕 The god's association with human sacrifice meant that Tohil was one of the first deities that the Spanish clergy tried to eradicate after the conquest of Guatemala.〔Orellana 1981, p.173.〕 ==Attributes== There is disagreement over the meaning of the name of the deity. It has been interpreted as meaning "obsidian",〔Miller & Taube 1993, 2003, p.170.〕 as deriving from the word ''toh'' ("rain")〔Recinos et al 1954, p.132.〕 and as meaning "tribute" or "payment".〔Sachse & Christenson 2005, p.15.n.11.〕 Tohil was one of a trinity of gods worshipped by the K'iche' elite, together with Awilix and Jacawitz. The concept of a triad of deities was ancient in Maya religion, dating as far back as the Late Preclassic.〔Christenson 2003, 2007, p.61.n.65.〕 The triad of K'iche' gods were sometimes referred to collectively as Tohil.〔Christenson 2003, 2007, p.228.n.646.〕 Tohil has been equated with the Classic Period God K.〔Miller & Taube 1993, 2003, p.170.〕 The deity also possesses attributes that suggest a link with Mixcoatl, a hunting god of the Aztecs.〔Van Akkeren 1999, p.285.〕 Tohil was the patron deity of the Kaweq lineage of the K'iche'.〔Sharer & Traxler 2006, p.718.〕 He was associated with a sacred deerskin bundle that was said to embody him, and one of his titles was ''Qajawal Kej'' ("Our Lord Deer").〔Christenson 2003, 2007, pp.220, 239.n.680. Sachse & Christenson 2005, p.15.〕 The deity was associated with thunder, lightning and the sunrise.〔Fox 1989, p.660.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tohil」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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