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Thermoscope
A thermoscope is a device that shows changes in temperature. A typical design is a tube in which a liquid rises and falls as the temperature changes. It was replaced by the thermometer in the early 18th century by the improvement of an added scale, the basis of modern temperature measurement.
==Function==
It is thought, but not certain that Galileo Galilei discovered the specific principle on which the device is based, and built the first thermoscope in 1593. The inventor could be his physician friend Santorio Santorio or another person of the learned circle in Venice of which they were members. Devices employing both heat and pressure were common during Galileo's time, used for fountains, nursing, or bleeding in medicine. The device was built from a small vase filled with water, attached to a thin vertically rising pipe, with a large empty glass ball at the top. Changes in temperature of the upper ball would exert positive or vacuum pressure on the water below, causing it to rise or lower in the thin column.〔
Large thermoscopes placed outdoors appeared to cause perpetual motion of contained water, and these were therefore sometimes called perpetuum mobile.〔
Galileo's own work with the thermoscope led him to develop an essentially atomistic conception of heat, published in his book ''Il Saggiatore'' in 1623.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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