|
Theodotion (; , ''gen''.: Θεοδοτίωνος; d. ca. AD 200) was a Hellenistic Jewish scholar,〔The only contemporary reference to him is that of Irenaeus (''Adversus Haereses'', III.xxi.1), who ranks him with Aquila of Pontus, another translator, as "Jewish proselytes" in the course of taking exception to their rendering of the "virgin" prophesied in ''Isaiah'' vii. 14 as "damsel", "following whom the Ebionites pretend that he was begotten of Joseph."〕 perhaps working in Ephesus,〔"Theodotian of Ephesus" in Irenaeus〕 who in ca. AD 150 translated the Hebrew Bible into Greek. Whether he was revising the Septuagint, or was working from Hebrew manuscripts that represented a parallel tradition that has not survived, is debated. In the 2nd century Theodotion's text was quoted in the ''Shepherd of Hermas'' and in Justin Martyr's ''Dialogue with Trypho''. His finished version, which filled some lacunae in the Septuagint version of the ''Book of Jeremiah'' and ''Book of Job'', formed one column in Origen of Alexandria's ''Hexapla'', ca. AD 240. (The Hexapla, now only extant in fragments, presented six Hebrew and Greek texts side-by-side: two Greek versions, by Aquila and Symmachus, preceding the Septuagint, and Theodotion's version following it, apparently reflecting a contemporary understanding of their historical sequence.) Theodotion's translation was so widely copied in the Early Christian church that its version of the ''Book of Daniel'' virtually superseded the Septuagint's.〔The Septuagint ''Daniel'' survives in only a two known mss., including ''Codex Chisianus 88'' (rediscovered in the 1770s), and Papyrus 967 (discovered 1931).〕 Jerome (in his preface to Daniel, AD 407) records the rejection of the Septuagint's version of that book in Christian usage. Jerome's preface also mentions that the ''Hexapla'' had notations in it, indicating several major differences in content between the Theodotion Daniel and the earlier versions in Greek and Hebrew. However, Theodotion's Daniel is closer to the ''modern'' Hebrew Masoretic Text version (the Hebrew text said to have been finalized ca. AD 130), that is the basis for most modern translations. Theodotion's Daniel is also the one embodied in the authorised edition of the Septuagint published by Sixtus V in 1587.〔Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)〕 Theodotion's caution in transliterating Hebrew words for plants, animals, vestments and ritual regalia, and words of uncertain meaning, rather than adopting a Greek rendering, gave him a reputation of being "unlearned" among more confident post-Renaissance editors, such as Bernard de Montfaucon. ==See also== *Aquila of Sinope *Symmachus the Ebionite *Septuagint 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Theodotion」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|