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''Thelazia'' is a genus of nematode worms which parasitize the eyes and associated tissues of various bird and mammal hosts, including humans.〔Otranto, D. and D. Traversa (2005) "(''Thelazia'' eyeworm: An original endo- and ecto-parasitic nematode )." ''Trends in Parasitology'' 21(1):1-4.〕 They are often called "eyeworms," and infestation with ''Thelazia'' species is referred to as "thelaziasis" (occasionally spelled "thelaziosis"). Adults are usually found in the eyelids, tear glands, tear ducts, or the so-called "third eyelid" (nictitating membrane). Occasionally, they are found in the eyeball itself, either under the conjunctiva (the membrane that covers the white part of the eye) or in the vitreous cavity of the eyeball.〔Xue, C., N. Tian, and Z. Huang (2007) "(''Thelazia callipaeda'' in human vitreous )." ''Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology'' 42(6):884-885.〕 All species of ''Thelazia'' for which the life cycle has been studied are transmitted by species of Diptera (flies) which do not bite, but which feed on tears. ==Representative species== *''Thelazia anolabiata'' (Molin, 1860) * * Definitive hosts: Andean cock-of-the-rock (''Rupicola peruviana'') and many other Brazilian birds〔de Oliveira Rodrigues, H. (1992) "(''Thelazia anolabiata'' (Molin, 1860) Railliet & Henry, 1910 (Nematoda: Thelazioidea), a new host record and systematic considerations )." ''Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz'' 87(Suppl 1):217-222.〕 * * Intermediate hosts: Not known * * Distribution: South America *''Thelazia bubalis'' Ramanujachari and Alwar, 1952 * * Definitive hosts: Water buffalo * * Intermediate hosts: Not known * * Distribution: India *''Thelazia californiensis'' Price, 1930 * * Definitive hosts: Dog (''Canis lupus familiaris''), cat (''Felis catus''), occasionally human (''Homo sapiens''), domestic sheep (''Ovis aries''), mule deer (''Odocoileus hemionus''), coyote (''Canis latrans'') and American black bear (''Ursus americanus''). * * Intermediate hosts: Lesser house fly (''Fannia canicularis'') and ''Fannia benjamini'' * * Distribution: Western North America *''Thelazia callipaeda'' Railliet & Henry, 1910 (sometimes called "Oriental eyeworm") * * Definitive hosts: Typically reported from dog (''Canis familiaris''), cat (''Felis catus''), and human (''Homo sapiens''); occasionally reported from wolf (''Canis lupus''), raccoon dog (''Nyctereutes procyonoides''), red fox (''Vulpes fulva''), European rabbit (''Oryctolagus cuniculus''). Over 250 cases of ''T. callipaeda'' infestation in humans have been reported thus far.〔Koyama, Y., A. Ohira, T. Kono, T. Yoneyama, and K. Shiwaku (2000) "(Five cases of thelaziasis )." ''British Journal of Ophthalmology'' 84(4):441-442. (Note: This pdf includes pp. 439-440 in addition to the cited article.)〕 * * Intermediate hosts: Fruit flies (''Amiota (Phortica) variegata'' in Europe, and ''Phortica okadai'' in China) * * Distribution: Asia and Europe *''Thelazia erschowi'' Oserskaja, 1931 * * Definitive hosts: Pig (''Sus domesticus'') * * Intermediate host: Not known * * Distribution: Post-Soviet states *''Thelazia gulosa'' (Railliet & Henry, 1910) * * Definitive hosts: Yak (''Bos grunniens'') and other cattle (''Bos taurus'') * * Intermediate hosts: Face fly (''Musca autumnalis'') in Europe and North America, ''Musca larvipara'' in the Ukraine, ''Musca vitripennis'' in Crimea, and ''Musca amica'' in the Far East * * Distribution: Asia, Europe, and North America *''Thelazia lacrymalis'' (Gurlt, 1831) * * Definitive hosts: Horse (''Equus caballus'') and cattle (''Bos taurus'') * * Intermediate hosts: Face fly (''Musca autumnalis'') and ''Musca osiris'' * * Distribution: Asia, Europe, Middle East, North America and South America *''Thelazia leesei'' Railliet & Henry, 1910 * * Definitive hosts: Dromedary (''Camelus dromedarius'') and Bactrian camel (''Camelus bactrianus'') * * Intermediate hosts: Flies (''Musca lucidulus'') * * Distribution: Post-Soviet states and India *''Thelazia rhodesii'' (Desmarest, 1828) * * Definitive hosts: mainly bovids, cattle (''Bos taurus''), water buffalo (''Bubalus bubalis''), zebu (''Bos indicus''), bison (''Bison bonasus''), and sometimes horse (''Equus caballus''), domestic sheep (''Ovis aries''), dromedary (''Camelus dromedarius''), and goat (''Capra hircus'') * * Intermediate hosts: Face fly (''Musca autumnalis'', ''Musca larvipara'', and ''Musca sorbens'') * * Distribution: Africa, Asia, and Europe *''Thelazia skrjabini'' Erschow, 1928 * * Definitive hosts: Cattle (''Bos taurus'') and yak (''Bos grunniens'') * * Intermediate hosts: Face fly (''Musca autumnalis''), ''Musca vitripennis'', and ''Musca amica'' * * Distribution: Europe and North America 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「Thelazia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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