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Teurnia
Municipium Teurnia (later also : Tiburnia) was a Roman city in western Carinthia. In late antiquity it was also a bishop's see, and towards the end of Roman times it was mentioned as the capital of the province of Noricum mediterraneum. Today Tiburnia is a titular see of the Roman Catholic church.
==History==
Ancient Teurnia was situated on a wooded hill at the village of ''St. Peter-in-Holz '' in the municipality of Lendorf in the Lurnfeld valley, four kilometres to the west of Spittal an der Drau in Upper (i.e. western) Carinthia, Austria. As early as 1100 BC, people had lived there on Holzerberg hill, which may well have also been the centre of the Celtic Taurisci nation〔(Via Michelin: Teurnia Excavations )〕 before c. 50 AD the Roman town was built with a forum, a market basilica, a temple on the city's Capitol, Thermae or public baths, terraced housing on two terraces, and a temple dedicated to Grannus, the Celtic counterpart deity of Aesculap, god of medicine and healing, but in Teurnia invoked as ''Grannus Apollo''.〔Marjeta Šašel Kos, ''Pre-Roman divinities of the eastern Alps and Adriatic'', Ljubljana: Narodni muzej Slovenije, 1999, p. 27 ISBN 961-6169-11-4〕 Usually older hill-top settlements were moved by the Romans to lower-lying areas with the one exception of the oppidum at Teurnia in the tribal region of the Ambidravi, where old names are said to have been retained and no renaming took place.〔(Barley, Maurice Willmore,''European towns: their archaeology and early history''. Published for the Council for British Archaeology. New York: Academic Press, 1977, p. 265 )〕
Teurnia was one of the largest places in all Noricum with, in its peak period, a population of 30,000. Towards the end of the Empire the population decreased; people left the housing terraces, and the slopes being no longer suitable for agriculture were used as cemeteries. At the same time walls went up surrounding the hilltop with material from the deserted houses.
By the 4th century, Teurnia was already a Christian town and was a bishop's see until the city's decline and its end in 610. From the ''vita Severini'' by Eugippius of the year 511, we learn that Severinus, the “apostle to Noricum”, was in contact with a bishop of Tiburnia/Teurnia by the name of Paulinus. From the fact that said Paulinus wrote admonishing letters to the communities of his see we may assume that he was the metropolitan bishop of the province. Thus Teurnia may well be presumed to have truly succeeded Virunum as the provincial capital city in the Migration Period. The last mention of the city and diocese of Tiburnia is from 591 in a letter of the Venetic and Rhaetic bishops.
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