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Task-negative
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Task-negative : ウィキペディア英語版
Task-negative

In neuroscience, a Task-negative (TN) mode, also known as the default mode network, is anti-correlated to the Task-positive mode. Its main function is to reorient attention towards salient stimuli. TN is considered to be involved mostly, if not entirely, in involuntary actions. The neural network is right hemisphere lateralized and includes the right temporal-parietal junction and the right ventral frontal cortex.〔Fox, M.D., Corbetta, M., Snyder, A.Z., Vincent, J.L., & Raichle, M.E. (2006). Spontaneous neuronal activity distinguishes human dorsal and ventral attention systems. ''PNAS'', 103, 10046-10051.〕 This system shows activity increases upon detection of salient targets, especially when they appear in unexpected locations.〔Posner, M. I. & Petersen, S. E. (1990). ''Annual Review of Neuroscience'', 13, 25–42.〕〔Corbetta, M., Kincade, J. M., Ollinger, J. M., McAvoy, M. P. & Shulman, G. L. (2000). ''Nature Neuroscience'', 3, 292–297.〕〔Astafiev, S. V., Shulman, G. I., Stanley, C. M., Snyder, A. Z., Van Essen, D. C. & Corbetta, M. (2003). ''Journal of Neuroscience'', 23, 4689–4699.〕〔Ast afiev, S. V., St anley, C. M., Shulman, G. L. & Corbetta, M. (2004) Nature Neuroscience, 7, 542–548.〕〔Kincade, J. M., Abrams, R. A., Astafiev, S. V., Shulman, G. I. & Corbetta, M. (2005). ''Journal of Neuroscience'', 25, 4593– 4604.〕 Activity increases also are observed in the ventral system after abrupt changes in sensory stimuli,〔Downar, J., Crawley, A. P., Mikulis, D. J. & Dav is, K. D. (2000) Nature Neuroscience, 3, 277–283.〕 at the onset and offset of task blocks,〔Fox, M. D., Snyder, A. Z., Barch, D. M., Gusnard, D. A. & Raichle, M. E. (2005). ''NeuroImage'', 28, 956–966.〕 and at the end of a completed trial.〔Shulman, G. I., Tansy, A. P., Kincade, M., Petersen, S. E., McAvoy, M. P. & Corbetta, M. (2002). ''Cerebral Cortex'', 12, 590–600.〕
== Role in disease ==
Studies have reported a hyper-connectivity of TN brain regions in depression during rest.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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