|
Tapiola (Finnish) or Hagalund (Swedish) is a district of Espoo on the south coast of Finland, and is one of the major urban centres of Espoo. It is located in the western part of Greater Helsinki. The name ''Tapiola'' is derived from ''Tapio'', who is the forest god of Finnish mythology, especially as expressed in the Kalevala, the national epic of Finland. Tapiola was largely constructed in the 1950s and 1960s by the Finnish apartment foundation and was designed as a garden city. It is the location for the Espoo cultural centre. According to the Finnish National Board of Antiquities Tapiola was the largest and most valuable of the new construction ideologies in the 1960s in Finland.〔(Valuable construction areas in Finland ) Finnish National Board of Antiquities 〕 Its architecture and landscaping that combines urban living with nature has attracted tourists ever since. ==History== Tapiola was one of the first post-war "new town" projects in Continental Europe. It was created by a private non-profit enterprise called Asuntosäätiö (the Housing Foundation), which was established in 1951 by six social trade organisations including the Confederation of Finnish Trade Unions, the Central Organisation of Tenants, the Mannerheim Child Welfare Federation, the Finnish Federation of Civilian and Military Invalids and the Civil Servants' Federation.〔Tuomi, T., & Paatero, K. (2003). ''Tapiola: Life and architecture''. Espoo: Housing Foundation in cooperation with the City of Espoo.〕〔Merlin, P. (1980). The new town movement in Europe. ''Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 451'', 76-85.〕 The project was conceived, built and managed by Heikki von Hertzen, the executive of the Asuntosäätiö and garden city advocate.〔 Under Von Hertzen's leadership, the Housing Foundation bought 660 acres of forest land, six miles from the centre of Helsinki, and set out to create an ideal garden city.〔Heideman Jr 1975〕 The role of the Housing Foundation included financing the project and overseeing the planning and building process so as to ensure consistency within different areas of the town.〔〔Armen, G. (1976). The programming of social provision in new communities: Part II some case studies and conclusions. ''The Town Planning Review, 47'', 269-288.〕 The Housing Foundation's unique combination of various socio-political organisations facilitated the negotiation of funds with governmental bodies.〔Lahti, J. (2008). The Helsinki suburbs of Tapiola and Vantaanpuisto: Post-war planning by the architect Aarne Ervi. ''Planning Perspectives, 23'', 147-169.〕 Von Hertzen set out to create a modern urban environment that would address the housing shortage in Helsinki and would be both economically viable and beautiful.〔〔Tuomi, T. (1992). ''Tapiola: A history and architectural guide''. Espoo: Espoo City Museum.〕 Tapiola did not form part of any wider plan for Finland’s development other than von Hertzen’s Seven Towns Plan, a response to urban sprawl in Helsinki.〔 The original city plans for Tapiola were made by Otto-Iivari Meurman.〔Hertzen, H.V., & Spreiregen, P.D. (1971). ''Building a new town: Finland’s new garden city: Tapiola''. Cambridge: MIT Press.〕 Later, the Housing Foundation made significant changes to the plans, and handed planning of Tapiola over to a group of prominent Finnish architects, including Aarne Ervi, Alvar Aalto, and Kaija Siren.〔Hertzen 1959〕 Each member of the group designed their own part of the area and its buildings, including social housing blocks (80% of all dwellings) and individual houses.〔 The planners of Tapiola were convinced that no one professional group could solve the manifold problems of modern community planning; planning has to be highly skilled and strictly directed teamwork at all levels.〔 Tapiola is a result of close teamwork in the fields of architecture, sociology, civil engineering, landscape gardening, domestic science, and youth welfare.〔 The name of the garden city itself was chosen through a public competition in 1953. The winning name was suggested by eleven different people, which in Finnish means the home of the Tapio, the forest god from The Kalevala.〔 Tapiola is also the cultural centre of Espoo, because it houses the Espoo cultural centre (home to the Tapiola Sinfonietta), the city museum (in the WeeGee house) and the Espoo city theatre. The Tapiola library is located in the cultural centre. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tapiola」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|