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A tantrum, a temper tantrum or a hissy fit is an emotional outburst, usually associated with children or those in emotional distress, that is typically characterized by stubbornness, crying, screaming, defiance, angry ranting, a resistance to attempts at pacification and, in some cases, even hitting. Physical control may be lost; the person may be unable to remain still; and even if the "goal" of the person is met, he or she may not be calmed. A tantrum may be expressed in a tirade: a protracted, angry, or violent speech.〔〔 ==Toddlers== Tantrums are one of the most common forms of problematic behaviour in young children, but tend to decrease in frequency and intensity as the child grows older. For the toddler, tantrums can be considered as normal, even as gauges of a developing strength of character.〔Robin Skynner/John Cleese, ''Families and how to survive them'' (London 1993) p. 177〕 While tantrums are sometimes seen as a predictor of future anti-social behaviour, in another sense they are simply an age-appropriate sign of excessive frustration, and will diminish over time given a calm and consistent handling.〔Roy Benaroch, ''Solving Health and Behavioral Problems from Birth Through Preschool'' (2008) p. 157〕 Parental containment where a child cannot contain itself - rather than what the child is ostensibly demanding - may be what is really required.〔Patrick Casement, ''Further Learning from the Patient'' (London 1990) p. 113-4〕 Selma Fraiberg warned against "too much pressure or forceful methods of control from the outside" in child-rearing: "if we turn every instance of pants changing, treasure hunting, napping, puddle wading and garbage distribution into a governmental crisis we can easily bring on fierce defiance, tantrums, and all the fireworks of revolt in the nursery".〔Selma H. Fraiberg, ''The Magic Years'' (New York 1987), p. 65〕 Some people who have neurological disorders such as autism or intellectual disability could be more prone to tantrums than others, when it happens, they throw themselves on the floor, crying, screaming and kicking as a means of getting across that things are "not right",〔(【引用サイトリンク】author=Tali Shenfield )〕 although anyone experiencing brain damage (temporary or permanent) can suffer from tantrums. Anyone may be prone to tantrums once in a while, regardless of gender or age. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tantrum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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