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TX-0
The TX-0, for ''Transistorized Experimental computer zero'', but affectionately referred to as tixo (pronounced "tix oh"), was an early fully transistorized computer and contained a then-huge 64K of 18-bit words of magnetic core memory. The TX-0 was built in 1955〔1956 according to (TX-0 Computer ), Computer History Museum, retrieved 2010-2-18〕 and went online in 1956〔(Highlights from ''The Computer Museum Report'' Volume 8 Spring 1984 ), The Computer Museum, Boston, MA, archived at ed-thelen.org, retrieved 2010-2-19〕〔1953 according to (MIT TX-O Computer (1953) ), ''History of Computing'', 1982, ISBN 0-944601-78-2〕 and was used continually through the 1960s at MIT. The transistorized TX-0 computer used 3600 transistors in its computer's circuitry and had also used the Philco high-frequency surface-barrier transistors in its design.〔A History Of Modern Computing, Author: Paul E. Ceruzzi, page 127〕〔MIT Research Laboratory of Electronics, TX-0 History, RLE Technical Report 627, June 1999, Author: John A. Mckensie〕〔Smithsonian Natural Museum of American History, Interview with Ken Olsen, September 28-29, 1988〕 In 1953, Philco had developed the world's first high frequency surface-barrier transistor, which was also the first transistor that was suitable for high speed computers.〔 Here: page 2〕 The TX-0 and its direct descendant, the original PDP-1, were platforms for pioneering computer research and the development of what would later be called computer "hacker" culture.
==Background==
Designed at the MIT Lincoln Laboratory〔 largely as an experiment in transistorized design and the construction of very large core memory systems, the TX-0 was essentially a transistorized version of the equally famous Whirlwind, also built at Lincoln Lab. While the Whirlwind filled an entire floor of a large building, TX-0 fit in a single reasonably sized room and yet was somewhat faster. Like the Whirlwind, the TX-0 was equipped with a display system, in this case a 12" oscilloscope hooked to output pins of the processor allowing it to display 512×512 points in a 7" by 7" array.
The TX-0 was a fully 16-bit computer with a 16-bit address range and 16-bit operations. Its word size was 18 bits; this allowed for 16 bits of data and two bits of instructions. These two bits could create four possible instructions, which included store, add, and conditional branch instructions as a basic set. The fourth instruction, "operate", took additional operands and allowed access to a number of "micro-orders" which could be used separately or together to provide many other useful instructions. An "add" instruction took 10 microseconds.
Wesley A. Clark designed the logic and Ken Olsen oversaw the engineering development.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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