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Stockout
A stockout, or out-of-stock (OOS) event is an event that causes inventory to be exhausted. While out-of-stocks can occur along the entire supply chain, the most visible kind are retail out-of-stocks in the fast moving consumer goods industry (e.g., sweets, diapers, fruits). Stockouts are the opposite of overstocks, where too much inventory is retained.
==Extent==
The global average of retail out-of-stocks is 8.3%.〔Gruen, Thomas W. and Daniel Corsten (2008), A Comprehensive Guide to Retail Out-of-Stock Reduction in the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods Industry, Grocery Manufacturers of America, Washington, DC, ISBN 978-3-905613-04-9. http://itsoutofstock.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/OOS-Guide-2008-Revision.pdf〕 This means that shoppers will have a 42% chance of fulfilling a ten-item shopping list without encountering a stockout. Despite the initiatives designed to improve the collaboration of retailers and their suppliers, such as Efficient Consumer Response (ECR), and despite the increasing use of new technologies such as radio-frequency identification (RFID) and point-of-sales data analytics, this situation has improved little over the past decades.〔Aastrup, J. and Kotzab, H. (2010), "Forty years of out-of-stock research – and shelves are still empty", International Review of Retail, Distribution & Consumer Research, Vol. 20 No. 1, pp. 147-64.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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