|
Stigmergy is a mechanism of indirect coordination between agents or actions.〔Marsh, L. & Onof, C. (2007) ("Stigmergic epistemology, stigmergic cognition." ) Cognitive Systems Research / doi: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2007.06.009〕 The principle is that the trace left in the environment by an action stimulates the performance of a next action, by the same or a different agent. In that way, subsequent actions tend to reinforce and build on each other, leading to the spontaneous emergence of coherent, apparently systematic activity. Stigmergy is a form of self-organization. It produces complex, seemingly intelligent structures, without need for any planning, control, or even direct communication between the agents. As such it supports efficient collaboration between extremely simple agents, who lack any memory, intelligence or even individual awareness of each other.〔 ==History== The term "stigmergy" was introduced by French biologist Pierre-Paul Grassé in 1959 to refer to termite behavior. He defined it as: "Stimulation of workers by the performance they have achieved." It is derived from the Greek words στίγμα ''stigma'' "mark, sign" and ἔργον ''ergon'' "work, action", and captures the notion that an agent’s actions leave signs in the environment, signs that it and other agents sense and that determine and incite their subsequent actions.〔Bonabeau, E. ("Editor's Introduction: Stigmergy." ) Special issue of ''Artificial Life'' on Stigmergy. Volume 5, Issue 2 / Spring 1999, p.95-96.〕 Later on, a distinction was made between the stigmergic phenomenon, which is specific to the guidance of additional work, and the more general, non-work specific incitation, for which the term ''sematectonic'' communication was coined〔Sociobiology: The New Synthesis, E.O. Wilson, 1975/2000, p.186〕 by E. O. Wilson, from the Greek words σῆμα ''sema'' "sign, token", and τέκτων ''tecton'' "craftsman, builder": "There is a need for a more general, somewhat less clumsy expression to denote the evocation of any form of behavior or physiological change by the evidences of work performed by other animals, including the special case of the guidance of additional work." Stigmergy is now one of the key〔Parunak, H. v D. (2003). ("Making swarming happen." ) In Proc. of Conf. on Swarming and Network Enabled Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR), McLean, Virginia, USA, January 2003.〕 concepts in the field of swarm intelligence. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stigmergy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|