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The splinternet (also referred to as cyberbalkanization or Internet Balkanization) is a characterization of the Internet as splintering and dividing due to various factors, such as technology, commerce, politics, nationalism, religion, and interests. "Powerful forces are threatening to balkanise it," writes the ''Economist'' weekly, and it may soon splinter along geographic and commercial boundaries.〔("A virtual counter-revolution" ) The ''Economist'', Sept. 2, 2010〕 Countries such as China have erected what is termed a "Great Firewall", for political reasons, while other nations, such as the US and Australia, discuss plans to create a similar firewall to block child pornography or weapon-making instructions.〔 Clyde Wayne Crews, a researcher at the Cato Institute, first used the term in 2001 to describe his concept of "parallel Internets that would be run as distinct, private, and autonomous universes."〔http://www.wired.com/politics/law/news/2001/04/43216〕 Crews used the term in a positive sense, but more recent writers have used the term in a negative sense. ==Technology== Describing the splintering of Internet technology, some writers see the problem in terms of new devices using different standards. Users no longer require web browsers to access the Internet, as new hardware tools often come with their own "unique set of standards" for displaying information.〔("Splinternet? Growing Variety of Devices Presents Content Challenge" ) ''FutureChanges.org.,'' Jan. 27, 2010〕 Journalist and author Doc Searls uses the term "splinternet" to describe the "growing distance between the ideals of the Internet and the realities of dysfunctional nationalisms. . . ," which contribute to the various, and sometimes incompatible standards which often make it hard for search engines to use the data. He notes that "it all works because the Web is standardized. Google works because the Web is standardized." However, as new devices incorporate their own ad networks, formats, and technology, many are able to "hide content" from search engines."〔Doc Searls, (“The Splinternet” ) Dec. 16, 2008〕 Others, including information manager Stephen Lewis, describe the causes primarily in terms of the technology "infrastructure," leading to a "conundrum" whereby the Internet could eventually be carved up into numerous geopolitical entities and borders, much as the physical world is today.〔( “The Internet and Its Infrastructure” ) Dec. 8, 2008〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Splinternet」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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