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Sparganium : ウィキペディア英語版
Sparganium

''Sparganium'' (Bur-reed) is a genus of flowering plants, described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753.〔(Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 971 ) in Latin〕〔(Tropicos, ''Sparganium'' L. )〕 containing It is widespread in wet areas in temperate regions of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.〔(Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families )〕 The plants are perennial marsh plants that can grow to 3.5 m (depending on the species), with epicene flowers.〔(Flora of North America Vol. 22, bur-reed, ''Sparganium'' Linnaeus )〕〔(Flora of China, Vol. 23 Page 158 黑三棱属 hei san leng shu ''Sparganium'' Linnaeus )〕
It was previously placed alone in the family Sparganiaceae. ''Sparganium'' is closely related to the Typhaceae and the APG III system (2009) includes ''Sparganium'' in that family. It has been determined from phylogenetic analysis to be the closest living relative of the genus Typha (cat-tail).
==Summary==
Sparganium, commonly known as the bur-reed, is a genus of aquatic plants of shallow marshes, ponds and streams. There are 9 species found in the United States and Canada.〔Kaul, RB 1997. Sparganiaceae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 12+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 22. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=130772〕 The stem, which may be floating or emergent, emerges from a buried rhizome, which like many wetland plants, is dependent upon aerenchyma to transport oxygen to the rooting zone. The leaves are strap-like. The flowers are borne in spherical heads, which bear either male or female flowers.〔Sparganium research page, UW-Madison Dept. of Botany http://botany.wisc.edu/jsulman/jsulman.htm〕 The seeds may accumulate in the soil as dense seed banks, which allow the plants to regenerate during low water periods.〔Keddy, P.A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.〕
Sparganium is an important component of aquatic and marsh vegetation in temperate to arctic regions. It provides food and cover for wildlife and waterfowl.
The genus name Sparganium was published by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum (1753), with two species recognized: S. erectum, and S. natans.
Perhaps the first mention of Sparganium in the English language was made by William Turner (1562).〔Turner, William. 1562. A new herball. republished 1995, GTL Chapman, MN Tweddle, eds. Cambridge U. Press.〕 Turner noted that there was no name for the plants in English, and suggested bede sedge or knop sedge. Further, he noted, "the virtues of Sparganium: The roote is good to be geven wyth wyne agaynste the poyson of serpentes."

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